Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on Doing Breast Self-examination in a Sample of Iranian Women

Background:Breast self-examination (BSE) is an important part of health care for all women in every stage of life. This study aimed to investigate the effect of theory of planned behavior (TPB) on doing BSE in a sample of Iranian women. Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out to examine the factors affecting the BSE in 400 women. Then, a quasi-experimental study was conducted on 200 subjects (100 in experimental group and 100 in control group). The educational intervention for the experimental group consisted of 8 training sessions. A questionnaire including demographic characteristics, knowledge, and constructs of TPB was used to measure BSE performance before and 6 months after the intervention. Constructs of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control predicted the intention to do the BSE. Results:The mean age of the subjects was 31.65 & PLUSMN; 7.59 years. The studied variables predicted 38.7% of behavioral intention (P < .001, odds ratio = 0.387). Six months after the intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in the knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, intention, and BSE performance compared with the control group (P < .001). Conclusions:This study showed that educational intervention based on the TPB was effective in promoting breast cancer screening behavior such as BSE. Therefore, it is suggested that health educators and health care planners use educational texts based on these constructs of TPB to increase their influence on individuals via screening behavior for breast cancer.

Automated summary

This study examined the factors affecting breast self-examination (BSE) in Iranian women and found that the theory of planned behavior (TPB) has an effect on BSE. The study showed that educational intervention based on TPB can effectively promote breast cancer screening behavior such as BSE. The use of TPB constructs in educational texts is recommended to increase the influence of health educators and planners on individuals' screening behavior for breast cancer.