Socio-Spatial Cohesion: A Study of Structural, Interactive, and Subjective Dimensions in Mashhad Metropolitan Region, Iran

Today, the population movement and the widespread changes in the demographic structure of the regions challenge socio-spatial cohesion in different areas. Increasing demographic diversity with different identities, lifestyles, and cultures changes the spatial structure. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the spatial settlement patterns, social networks, and the mental components affecting them. The present study investigates socio-spatial cohesion in the Mashhad metropolitan region, Iran using the critical realism paradigm. First-hand data based on structured and semi-structured interviews were analyzed by spatial statistics techniques, social network analysis, and thematic analysis. The results show general segregation and the cluster pattern of ethnicities. In this respect, space can be divided into homogeneous groups based on strong social ties. Forces such as the stereotypes about some ethnic groups, feeling threatened, and the gap between groups have affected the area's space and prevented the establishment of weak ties in the multi-ethnic community of the area. The study of socio-spatial cohesion in this framework shows the role of mental barriers in segregation and gaps between groups. Overall, paying attention to these factors helps understand the challenges of social cohesion in diverse societies.

Automated summary

Today, the movement of people and changes in demographic structure are challenging social-spatial cohesion in various regions. The increasing demographic diversity and cultural differences are altering the spatial structure. It is thus crucial to examine settlement patterns, social networks, and the psychological factors influencing them. Through the use of critical realism, this study investigates socio-spatial cohesion in the Mashhad metropolitan region, Iran. Data from structured and semi-structured interviews were analyzed using spatial statistics techniques, social network analysis, and thematic analysis. The results reveal a general pattern of segregation and clustering among ethnicities. The findings suggest that mental barriers play a significant role in the segregation and gaps between different groups in the area.