The role of holiday styles in shaping the carbon footprint of leisure travel within the European Union

Leisure travel within the European Union (EU) contributes significantly to the carbon footprint of global tourism. Distance travelled is a main factor in this impact, but some of its determinants remain unexplored. We examined the role of tourists' holiday preferences in shaping the carbon footprint of leisure travel within the EU by calculating demand and impact indicators associated with eight holiday styles. We find a substantial and equivalent carbon footprint for visiting relatives, nature tourism and sea, sun and sand tourism, but a higher carbon intensity of travel per trip for the latter. This is due to widespread demand for sea, sun, and sand tourism despite the concentration of destinations in Southern Europe. Furthermore, international travel within the EU is on average three times more carbon intensive than domestic travel. Our insights suggest that tourists' holiday preferences can be leveraged for the sustainable development of leisure travel within the EU.

Automated summary

Leisure travel within the European Union has a significant impact on the global tourism carbon footprint. This study examines the role of tourists' holiday preferences in shaping this impact and finds that visiting relatives, nature tourism, and sea, sun, and sand tourism contribute equally to the carbon footprint, but the latter has a higher carbon intensity per trip. Additionally, international travel within the EU is more carbon intensive than domestic travel. These insights suggest that leveraging tourists' holiday preferences can contribute to the sustainable development of leisure travel within the EU.