Can the Irradiated Brain Be Salvaged by Oligodendrocyte Precursor Transplantation?

Radiotherapy is a mainstay of brain cancer treatment, but it causes significant complications. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Piao et al. (2015) derive oligodendrocyte precursors from human embryonic stem cells and show that engrafted cells replenish depleted precursor numbers, generate new myelin, and reverse behavioral defects in irradiated rats.