Food Difficulties in Infancy and ASD: A Literature Review

Purpose: The aim of this literature review is to investigate the potential association between specific food difficulties and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during the first two years of life. Materials: The search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase and PsycInfo databases. Results: Twenty-one studies were synthesized (3763 infants and children). Difficulties during breastfeeding, breast milk refusal and avoidance of taking solids have been linked to ASD. Infants with ASD have been referred to as picky eaters. Problematic mealtime behaviour during infancy has also been associated with ASD. Conclusions: The present review highlights the association between food difficulties, including problematic mealtime behaviours, food selectivity, breastfeeding difficulties and food refusal during infancy and ASD early during life, including the first months.

Automated summary

The purpose of this literature review is to investigate the possible connection between specific food difficulties and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during the first two years of life. A total of 21 studies (3763 infants and children) were analyzed, and the results suggest a link between ASD and difficulties during breastfeeding, breast milk refusal, and avoidance of solid foods. Infants with ASD have been identified as picky eaters, and problematic mealtime behavior during infancy has also been associated with ASD. Overall, this review highlights the association between food difficulties, including problematic mealtime behaviors, food selectivity, breastfeeding difficulties, and food refusal, during early life and ASD.