Microplastics in mainstem Mississippi River fishes

Microplastics are ubiquitous in Earth's ecosystems and many efforts have begun to understand their distributions. Large rivers, like the Mississippi River, provide a unique system in which to look at large-scale patterns of microplastic distribution. In this study, we sampled four species of widely-distributed fishes from five sites along the mainstem Mississippi River, from Minnesota to Louisiana, United States. Microplastics were found in all fish species and at all sites; however, microplastics increased in occurrence in the Lower Mississippi River. Fragments were the most common morphologies and polypropylene was the most common polymer detected. We also examined the hypothesis that microplastic loads in fishes increased downstream, but found support for this hypothesis only when examining Largemouth Bass; Flathead Catfish, Shortnose Gar, and Bluegill were all found to have similar microplastic loads along the mainstem Mississippi River. It is clear that microplastics are heterogeneously distributed throughout ecosystems, and further understanding of microplastic distributional patterns and varying species burdens are needed to fully understand threats that microplastics present.

Automated summary

Microplastics are widely present in Earth's ecosystems, and efforts have been made to understand their distribution. The study on the Mississippi River reveals the presence of microplastics in all sampled fish species and sites, with increased occurrence in the Lower Mississippi River. Fragmented microplastics made of polypropylene were the most common form detected. The hypothesis that microplastic loads increase downstream was only supported for Largemouth Bass, while other fish species showed similar microplastic loads along the mainstem Mississippi River. This study highlights the heterogeneous distribution of microplastics and the need for further research on their distribution patterns and impacts on different species.