Poisoning Regulation, Research, Health, and the Environment: The Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Case in Canada

Despite discourse advocating pesticide reduction, there has been an exponential increase in pesticide use worldwide in the agricultural sector over the last 30 years. Glyphosate-Based Herbicides (GBHs) are the most widely used pesticides on the planet as well as in Canada, where a total of almost 470 million kilograms of declared active ingredient glyphosate was sold between 2007 and 2018. GBHs accounted for 58% of pesticides used in the agriculture sector in Canada in 2017. While the independent scientific literature on the harmful health and environmental impacts of pesticides such as GBHs is overwhelming, Canada has only banned 32 active pesticide ingredients out of 531 banned in 168 countries, and reapproved GBHs in 2017 until 2032. This article, based on interdisciplinary and intersectoral research, will analyze how as a result of the scientific and regulatory captures of relevant Canadian agencies by the pesticide industry, the Canadian regulation and scientific assessment of pesticides are deficient and lagging behind other countries, using the GBH case as a basis for analysis. It will show how, by embracing industry narratives and biased evidence, by being receptive to industry demands, and by opaque decision making and lack of transparency, Health Canada's Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) promotes commercial interests over the imperatives of public health and environmental protection.

Automated summary

Despite the global discourse on reducing pesticide use, the agricultural sector has witnessed an exponential increase in pesticide usage over the past three decades. Glyphosate-Based Herbicides (GBHs) are the most commonly used pesticides worldwide, including in Canada, where almost 470 million kilograms of glyphosate were sold between 2007 and 2018. In 2017, GBHs accounted for 58% of agricultural pesticide use in Canada. This article examines how the Canadian regulation and scientific assessment of pesticides, particularly GBHs, lag behind other countries due to scientific and regulatory captures by the pesticide industry, compromising public health and environmental protection.