Polysaccharides influence human health via microbiota-dependent and -independent pathways

Review Food Science & Technology

Structural characteristics and immunomodulatory effects of sulfated polysaccharides derived from marine algae

Yingying Feng et al.

Summary: Marine algae are an important untapped source of functional food, with sulfated polysaccharides exhibiting various bioactivities, particularly immunomodulation.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Preparation, characterization, and bioactivity evaluation of oligosaccharides from Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.

Ying-yue Zhang et al.

Summary: Sixteen oligosaccharide monomers and three active fractions were successfully separated from Atractylodes lancea using optimized chromatographic methods. The study demonstrated that DP 3-9 exhibited superior immunostimulatory activity, enhancing cytokine production and T-cell activation. The chromatographic methods also showed high capacity and good recovery for preparation of DP 3-9. These findings are important for the utilization of FOS as a functional ingredient in novel product development.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

MDG, an Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide, inhibits non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila

Li Zhang et al.

Summary: MDG, derived from Ophiopogon japonicus, has a protective effect against obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study found that MDG supplementation improved lipid accumulation, liver steatosis, and chronic inflammation in NAFLD mice induced by a high-fat diet. It also increased the abundance and diversity of gut microbial communities. The results suggest that MDG treatment can inhibit obesity and the NAFLD process by modulating lipid-related pathways and altering the structure and diversity of gut microbiota.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Mulberry leaf polysaccharides ameliorate obesity through activation of brown adipose tissue and modulation of the gut microbiota in high-fat diet fed mice

Ruilin Li et al.

Summary: Mulberry leaf polysaccharides (MLP) have a significant effect in reducing body weight gain and improving metabolic disorders in obese mice, mainly by promoting the development of brown-like adipocytes in white adipose tissue. Additionally, MLP can also regulate hepatic steatosis and impact the composition and function of the gut microbiota.

FOOD & FUNCTION (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Dietary polysaccharide from Mung bean [Vigna radiate (Linn.) Wilczek] skin modulates gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in mice

Jianhua Xie et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that mung bean skin polysaccharide MBP-2 can improve intestinal health in Balb/c mice by promoting the growth of probiotic bacteria, increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids, and enhancing the intestinal microenvironment.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Faecal microbiota transplantation-mediated jejunal microbiota changes halt high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice via retarding intestinal fat absorption

Luoyi Zhu et al.

Summary: The study found that Faecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) can prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity and lipid metabolism disorders by altering the jejunal microbiota composition and increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus and Romboutsia, which are negatively correlated with obesity-related indicators. The anti-obesity effect of wild boar faecal suspension is associated with jejunal N6-methyladenosine (m(6)A) levels. Overall, these results suggest that FMT has a mitigating effect on HFD-induced obesity by altering microbial composition and structure of the jejunum.

MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

The Algal Polysaccharide Ulvan and Carotenoid Astaxanthin Both Positively Modulate Gut Microbiota in Mice

Kunal Pratap et al.

Summary: The intestinal microbial community is crucial for gut health, and dietary components like algal polysaccharides and carotenoids can modulate its structure. This study found that ulvan and astaxanthin can promote significant changes in the gut microbiota of mice, highlighting their potential to improve gut health conditions.

FOODS (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Applied

Advances in oral absorption of polysaccharides: Mechanism, affecting factors, and improvement strategies

Ziming Zheng et al.

Summary: Polysaccharides have been widely used as biomaterials and drugs after oral administration due to their suitable physicochemical properties, good bioactivities and low toxicities. However, studies on their pharmacokinetics and absorption mechanism after oral administration are significantly restricted by the lack of polysaccharide detection methods. With the advancement of polysaccharide detection technologies such as immunoassays, fluorescent and isotopic labelling, the oral pharmacokinetics of polysaccharides have gradually been revealed.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

In vitro fecal fermentation properties of polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis and related modulation effects on gut microbiota

Ding-Tao Wu et al.

Summary: The polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis show stability under simulated digestion conditions, but are significantly utilized by intestinal microbiota in human feces after in vitro fermentation, potentially improving intestinal health.

FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of polysaccharide isolated from Sphacelotheca sorghi in diet-streptozotocin-induced T2D mice

Xin Fu et al.

Summary: The polysaccharides extracted from Sphacelotheca sorghi demonstrated hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in mice with type 2 diabetes, indicating their potential use in improving metabolic disorders.

JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Use of Fluorescent 2-AB to Explore the Bidirectional Transport Mechanism of Pseudostellaria heterophylla Polysaccharides across Caco-2 Cells

Bin Yang et al.

Summary: Polysaccharides, which are abundant in natural resources and have various physiological functions, are difficult to measure in biological samples due to the lack of chromophore groups. In this study, two homogeneous polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla were isolated and labeled with a fluorescent probe for detection. The developed method enabled the tracking of polysaccharide internalization and biodistribution exploration.

MOLECULES (2022)

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Article Plant Sciences

Therapeutic effect and mechanism of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus Roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. in diet-induced obesity

Dongmei Tian et al.

Summary: This study found that polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii can reduce blood glucose levels, improve oxidative stress and inflammation, and prevent diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders. ARPs regulate energy balance by promoting fat thermogenesis via the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1 alpha signaling pathway.

PHYTOMEDICINE (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera improves insulin sensitivity and promotes adipose thermogenesis in diet-induced obese mice associated with activation of PGC-1α-FNDC5/irisin pathway

Fei Xie et al.

Summary: The polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (EPP) has been found to improve insulin signaling and whole-body energy metabolism in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. It alleviates diet-induced adiposity and inflammatory response, and increases thermogenesis. These effects are likely mediated by the activation of the PGC-1 alpha-FNDC5/irisin pathways.

JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS (2022)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Microbiota and body weight control: Weight watchers within?

Serena Boscaini et al.

Summary: This review provides an overview of the role of the gut microbiota in body weight dysregulation-related disorders and evaluates the effects of different strategies on body weight and gut microbiota. While there is a link between body weight and gut microbiota, manipulating the microbiota alone is insufficient to alter body weight, and future research should focus on a combination of strategies.

MOLECULAR METABOLISM (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Polysaccharides from Agrocybe cylindracea residue alleviate type 2-diabetes-induced liver and colon injuries by p38 MAPK signaling pathway

Wenxue Sun et al.

Summary: This experiment investigated the mechanism of action of polysaccharides from Agrocybe cylindracea residue (PACR) in ameliorating liver and colon injuries induced by type-2 diabetes. The results showed that PACR could reduce oxidative damage and inflammatory response, restore lipid levels, decrease the level of liver and colon lesions, and function in protecting the liver and colon. The study suggests that PACR could be used as a supplement to decrease blood glucose, relieve T2DM, and reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response by inhibiting the activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

FOOD BIOSCIENCE (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Dietary Supplementation of Auricularia auricula-judae Polysaccharides Alleviate Nutritional Obesity in Mice via Regulating Inflammatory Response and Lipid Metabolism

Qian Liu et al.

Summary: This study investigated the intervention effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of polysaccharides extracted from Auricularia auricula-judae resources in the Qinba Mountain area on nutritional obesity induced by high fat and high fructose diets (HFFD) in C57BL/6J mice. The results demonstrated that dietary supplementation of Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharides significantly improved insulin resistance, altered serum lipid metabolites, and slowed down body weight gain induced by HFFD. The intervention effects were associated with the regulation of adipogenic-related gene expressions, cholesterol synthesis-related gene levels, fatty acid beta-oxidation-related gene expressions, and cholesterol efflux-related gene expressions in the liver, indicating improvements in hepatic lipid metabolism homeostasis. Furthermore, these effects were closely related to mitochondrial function.

FOODS (2022)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Structural Characteristics and Immunomodulatory Effects of a Long-Chain Polysaccharide From Laminaria japonica

Jiamei Cui et al.

Summary: This study investigated the structural characteristics and bioactivities of a novel long-chain LJPS derived from Laminaria japonica. The LJPS was found to consist of various monomer residues and was a multi-branched, long-chain macromolecule with highly branched and helix domains. The LJPS exhibited no toxicity to mouse macrophage cells and showed biphasic immuno-modulating capacity.

FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Dendrobium officinale leaf polysaccharides ameliorated hyperglycemia and promoted gut bacterial associated SCFAs to alleviate type 2 diabetes in adult mice

Jingyu Fang et al.

Summary: The study found that Dendrobium officinale leaf polysaccharides of different molecular weight have different effects on alleviating glycolipid metabolic abnormalities, organ dysfunction, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. LDOP-A with lower molecular weight showed better effects in improving diabetes, possibly due to the increased levels of short-chain fatty acids produced by the change in gut microbiota structure.

FOOD CHEMISTRY-X (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Pectic polysaccharides: Targeting gut microbiota in obesity and intestinal health

Hye-Bin Lee et al.

Summary: This review discusses the relationship between the structural characteristics of pectic polysaccharides and the modulatory activity of gut microbiota. It also explores the health benefits of pectic polysaccharides on diet-induced obesity and intestinal health. Through regulating gut microbiota, pectic polysaccharides exert various beneficial biological effects.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Saccharina japonica fucan suppresses high fat diet-induced obesity and enriches fucoidan-degrading gut bacteria

Bin Wei et al.

Summary: Low molecular weight seaweed polysaccharides, particularly the fucan J2H from Saccharina japonica, have potential as therapeutics for preventing obesity and restoring gut microbiota balance. The administration of J2H effectively suppressed high-fat diet-induced obesity, blood glucose metabolic dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Furthermore, J2H enriched gut bacteria with fucoidan-degrading potential, which may play a vital role in its anti-obesity effects.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Microbial liberation of N-methylserotonin from orange fiber in gnotobiotic mice and humans

Nathan D. Han et al.

CELL (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris prevent obesity in association with modulating gut microbiota and metabolites in high-fat diet-fed mice

Rui Huang et al.

Summary: This study found that polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris (CMP) can improve obesity symptoms in high-fat diet-fed mice by modulating gut microbes and related metabolites.

FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Chicory polysaccharides alleviate high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via alteration of lipid metabolism- and inflammation-related gene expression

Shengjie Li et al.

Summary: Administration of chicory polysaccharides (CP) can alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by modifying lipid metabolism, reducing inflammation, and restoring gene expression related to lipid metabolism. The molecular mechanisms involve inhibition of de novo lipogenesis and promotion of hepatic fatty acid oxidation.

FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Polysaccharides from Lyophyllum decastes reduce obesity by altering gut microbiota and increasing energy expenditure

Tao Wang et al.

Summary: This study investigated the structural characteristics and anti-obesity effects of Lyophyllum decastes polysaccharides derived from mushrooms. The polysaccharides effectively reduced obesity and related disorders by modulating the gut microbiota and enhancing energy expenditure in brown adipose tissues via the activation of the secondary bile acids-activated TGR5 pathway. The supplementation of Bacteroides intestinalis and Lactobacillus johnsonii prevented obesity and hyperlipidemia, demonstrating a causal linkage to the efficacy of the polysaccharides.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Effects of molecular weight and degree of branching on microbial fermentation characteristics of okra pectic-polysaccharide and its selective impact on gut microbial composition

Ding-Tao Wu et al.

Summary: This study investigated the microbial fermentation characteristics of okra pectic-polysaccharide (OPP) and its degraded products, and revealed their impacts on gut microbial composition. The results showed that the fermentation characteristics were influenced by the structural features of the polysaccharides. Different types of okra pectic-polysaccharides also selectively modulated the gut microbial composition. The findings suggest that the chemical structures of OPP play a critical role in the selective modulation of beneficial bacteria in the gut.

FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Advances in anti-cancer effects and underlying mechanisms of marine algae polysaccharides

Wanzi Yao et al.

Summary: Cancer is a major health problem worldwide, and marine algae polysaccharides (MAPs) have gained attention for their excellent anti-cancer abilities. This review aims to update the discovery and evaluation of MAPs with anti-cancer properties and elucidate their mechanisms of action.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Ulva prolifera polysaccharide exerts anti-obesity effects via upregulation of adiponectin expression and gut microbiota modulation in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice

Hai-Ching Pung et al.

Summary: Enzymatically extracted Ulva prolifera polysaccharide (UPP) can effectively slow down weight gain induced by high-fat diet, improve metabolic disorders, and modulate the gut microbiota composition to facilitate the growth of probiotics.

JOURNAL OF FOOD AND DRUG ANALYSIS (2022)

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Review Food Science & Technology

Polysaccharides: bowel health and gut microbiota

Moon Ho Do et al.

Summary: Polyasaccharides, including starch, non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), and resistant starch (RS), have various biological benefits for bowel health by influencing gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFA). The physiological impacts of NSPs and RS on intestinal health are similar, with effects such as anti-inflammation and immune modulation. Bacterial and host-derived polysaccharides play important roles in immune modulation and overall intestinal health, suggesting further studies on polysaccharides are crucial for bowel health.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION (2021)

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Review Microbiology

Gut microbial metabolites as multi-kingdom intermediates

Kimberly A. Krautkramer et al.

Summary: The gut microbiota influences host physiology through the production of various metabolites. By studying microbial metabolites, researchers have identified potential microbial targets relevant for host health, despite the challenges of understanding host-microbiota interactions.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Microbiology

Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease

Yong Fan et al.

Summary: The intestinal microbiota plays a significant role in human metabolic health, potentially contributing to the development of common metabolic disorders when dysregulated. Current research is shifting towards cause-and-effect studies and utilizing high-throughput human multi-omics data to identify potential molecular mechanisms behind these associations.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a metabolic disease in humans: A literature review

Bertrand Cariou et al.

Summary: This systematic literature review identified various evidence on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a metabolic disorder, highlighting the complex interplay between NAFLD and metabolic dysfunction. Multidisciplinary collaboration and personalized treatment protocols are urgently needed to address the overall metabolic risk reduction and treatment for NAFLD/NASH patients.

DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Oral absorption characteristics and mechanisms of a pectin-type polysaccharide from Smilax china L. across the intestinal epithelium

Yu Zhang et al.

Summary: The study elucidated the oral absorption characteristics and mechanisms of a pectin-type polysaccharide from Smilax china L. through in vitro and in vivo tracking. The polysaccharide was shown to be absorbable in the small intestine, with transport across the epithelium facilitated by transcellular and paracellular pathways. This research provides insights for the further development of pectin polysaccharides.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as central regulators in metabolic disorders

Allison Agus et al.

Summary: Metabolic disorders are closely linked to alterations in the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Specific classes of microbiota-derived metabolites play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders.

GUT (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Immunity as Cornerstone of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Contribution of Oxidative Stress in the Disease Progression

Marcello Dallio et al.

Summary: NAFLD is a major cause of chronic liver disease in western countries, characterized by a wide spectrum of hepatic histological alterations. NASH is defined by lobular inflammation and fibrosis, with insulin resistance, redox unbalance, inflammation, and lipid metabolism dysregulation implicated in NAFLD progression. Recent findings suggest that oxidative products and immune cell metabolism play key roles in driving inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

A fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme with novel structure and its regulatory effects on intestinal microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice

Xue Liu et al.

Summary: A novel structure of fucoidan SFP was extracted from Sargassum fusiforme, with regulatory effects on intestinal microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice. It exhibited good hypolipidemic effects, especially in regulating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acid levels, and lipase activity. Additionally, SFP had certain effects on the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota.

FOOD CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Metabolic cooperation and spatiotemporal niche partitioning in a kefir microbial community

Sonja Blasche et al.

Summary: This study explores how kefir achieves stable coexistence through spatial and temporal orchestration of species and metabolite dynamics. The kefir grains remain unchanged in composition during milk fermentation, while the milk is colonized in a sequential manner by different microorganisms.

NATURE MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) polysaccharides improve type 2 diabetes in HFD/STZ-induced mice by regulating the AKT/AMPK signaling pathways and the gut microbiota

Nuo Xu et al.

Summary: This study found that AAPs can improve inflammation, liver injury, and insulin resistance in T2D mice by activating the AKT and AMPK pathways. Additionally, AAPs can optimize glycolipid metabolism disorders by modulating gut microbiota. The study first determined the specific mechanism of AAPs improving T2D by regulating AKT/AMPK pathways and modifying gut microbiota.

JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Applied

The role of polysaccharides from natural resources to design oral insulin micro- and nanoparticles intended for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus: A review

Andreia Bagliotti Meneguin et al.

Summary: Polysaccharides, through nano- and microencapsulation, can protect orally administered insulin from the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and improve permeability through cellular pathways, offering advantages such as targeted delivery.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Strain-level functional variation in the human gut microbiota based on bacterial binding to artificial food particles

Michael L. Patnode et al.

Summary: By creating a panel of artificial food particles, researchers unveiled the binding phenotypes of gut microbiota with dietary or host glycans, confirming the specific binding of different bacterial strains to various carbohydrates and metabolic differences. These adhesion phenotypes were shown to be maintained in more complex communities through mixed in vitro cultures.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2021)

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Article Plant Sciences

Coptis chinensis Franch polysaccharides provide a dynamically regulation on intestinal microenvironment, based on the intestinal flora and mucosal immunity

Qingqing Chen et al.

Summary: This study aimed to explore the dynamic regulation of Coptis chinensis Franch polysaccharides on intestinal microenvironment from the perspective of intestinal mucosal immunity and intestinal flora. The results showed that CCP had effective, dynamic, and dose-dependent regulations on intestinal microenvironment, impacting both intestinal flora and immune responses. These findings contribute to understanding the pharmacological mechanisms of Coptis chinensis Franch.

JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Impaired Intestinal Barrier and Tissue Bacteria: Pathomechanisms for Metabolic Diseases

Lucas Massier et al.

Summary: The intact intestinal barrier is crucial for maintaining health, and bacteria along with their products are shown to contribute to its impairment. Alterations in tight junction integrity can lead to increased influx of bacteria into the host circulation, potentially contributing to metabolic diseases like obesity and insulin resistance.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Small RNAs are modified with N-glycans and displayed on the surface of living cells

Ryan A. Flynn et al.

Summary: This study challenges the conventional view that RNA is not a major target of glycosylation by providing evidence that mammals use RNA as a third scaffold for glycosylation. The researchers found that conserved small noncoding RNAs bear sialylated glycans, which are present in multiple cell types and mammalian species. The majority of glycoRNAs were located on the cell surface and were shown to interact with anti-dsRNA antibodies and members of the Siglec receptor family, suggesting a direct interface between RNA biology and glycobiology.

CELL (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Characterization of Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharide and its therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetic mice

Huashan Gao et al.

Summary: ARLP-W, a polysaccharide extracted from Anoectochilus roxburghii, mainly composed of mannose and glucose, showed significant reduction in gluconeogenesis enzymes in the liver and increased glucose absorption. These results suggest that ARLP-W may have a good therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetes.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Characterization, prebiotic and immune-enhancing activities of rhamnogalacturonan-I-rich polysaccharide fraction from molokhia leaves

Hye-Bin Lee et al.

Summary: Polysaccharides extracted from molokhia leaves exhibit prebiotic and immune-enhancing activities, showcasing their potential as beneficial additives in the food industry.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2021)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Dietary Enteromorpha Polysaccharide Enhances Intestinal Immune Response, Integrity, and Caecal Microbial Activity of Broiler Chickens

Teketay Wassie et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that supplementation with marine algae Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide (EP) in broiler chicken diets promotes growth performance, improves intestinal immune response and integrity, and modulates the caecal microbiota. This highlights the potential of marine algae polysaccharides as antibiotic alternatives for chickens and provides insights for developing functional foods and therapeutic agents based on marine algae polysaccharides.

FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A Microbiota-Directed Food Intervention for Undernourished Children

Robert Y. Chen et al.

Summary: The study found that providing a microbiota-directed complementary food prototype (MDCF-2) to children with moderate acute malnutrition in Bangladeshi slums showed positive effects on growth, particularly in weight-for-length and weight-for-age z scores, with changes in plasma proteins related to bone growth and neurodevelopment. These findings suggest that targeted manipulation of microbiota components may be linked to growth outcomes in children with moderate acute malnutrition.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Polysaccharide (laminaran and fucoidan), fucoxanthin and lipids as functional components from brown algae (Padina tetrastromatica) modulates adipogenesis and thermogenesis in diet-induced obesity in C57BL6 mice

Priya Prakash Sharma et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that the isolated fucoxanthin, polysaccharides, and total lipids from Indian brown algae have potential anti-obesity and antioxidant effects, reducing obesity and lipid levels induced by high-fat diet, and regulating adipogenesis and thermogenesis through multiple signaling pathways.

ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS (2021)

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Article Integrative & Complementary Medicine

Antidyslipidemic Potential of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides of Ganoderma applanatum in MACAPOS-2-Induced Obese Rats

Adamou Mfopa et al.

Summary: The study found that water-soluble polysaccharides of Ganoderma applanatum have potential therapeutic effects on dyslipidemia in obese rats, lowering levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The results suggest that Ganoderma applanatum extract may be a novel bioactive compound for combating dyslipidemia and its associated complications.

EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Mechanism of Lentinan Intestinal Absorption: Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis and Macropinocytosis

Ziming Zheng et al.

Summary: The study systematically investigated the pharmacokinetics and intestinal absorption mechanism of Lentinan (LNT) after oral administration, confirming its absorption and showing a potential mechanism involving macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis based on rat experiments and cell models.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Medicinal

Seaweed Components as Potential Modulators of the Gut Microbiota

Emer Shannon et al.

Summary: Macroalgae, or seaweeds, contain polysaccharides, polyphenols, and peptides that may positively modulate the gut microbiota, offering potential benefits for human health. These seaweed components act as prebiotics, enhancing beneficial bacterial populations and balancing the gut microbiome. However, the therapeutic effects of seaweed bioactives need to be confirmed in large-scale clinical trials.

MARINE DRUGS (2021)

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Article Immunology

Gut Bacterial Characteristics of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Application Potential

Yanyan Que et al.

Summary: Research shows significant differences in microbial diversity between individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and controls, but not in microbial alpha diversity. Various operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and bacterial genera with significant odds ratios for T2DM were identified. The microbial characteristics of T2DM can be applied to other studies, improving detection accuracy and disease specificity for T2DM through training on multiple research studies.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Gut microbiome variation modulates the effects of dietary fiber on host metabolism

Sofia M. Murga-Garrido et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates a causal link between interindividual variation in gut microbiome and differential effects of dietary fiber on host metabolic phenotypes, suggesting that a one-fits-all fiber supplementation approach to promote health is unlikely to elicit consistent effects across individuals. The findings underscore the importance of microbe-diet interactions on host metabolism and suggest that gut microbes modulate dietary fiber efficacy.

MICROBIOME (2021)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Anti-Hyperlipidemia and Gut Microbiota Community Regulation Effects of Selenium-Rich Cordyceps militaris Polysaccharides on the High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice Model

Minglei Yu et al.

Summary: Supplementation of Se-rich C. militaris polysaccharides showed anti-obesity effects by reducing serum triglyceride and LDL-C levels, inhibiting inflammation, promoting satiety and thermogenesis in HFD-fed mice. It also modulated gut microbiota by decreasing harmful bacteria and increasing beneficial bacteria, which could potentially be used as functional foods against obesity and dysbiosis.

FOODS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

The bioavailability of soybean polysaccharides and their metabolites on gut microbiota in the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME)

Pin Chen et al.

Summary: Soybean polysaccharides were found to be beneficial for gut microbiota in the SHIME, reducing pathogenic bacteria and promoting the growth of probiotics, ultimately contributing to gut health.

FOOD CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cistanche polysaccharides enhance echinacoside absorption in vivo and affect the gut microbiota

Zhifei Fu et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The α-D-glucan from marine fungus Phoma herbarum YS4108 ameliorated mice colitis by repairing mucosal barrier and maintaining intestinal homeostasis

Wei Liu et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2020)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Gut Microbiome, Intestinal Permeability, and Tissue Bacteria in Metabolic Disease: Perpetrators or Bystanders?

Rima M. Chakaroun et al.

NUTRIENTS (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Beneficial effects of polysaccharide-rich extracts from Apocynum venetum leaves on hypoglycemic and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetic mice

Yuan Yuan et al.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2020)

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