Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) possesses immunomodulatory properties by promoting T-reg proliferation and suppressing B cell expansion. This is achieved through the upregulation of c-Fos expression, which enhances its interaction with target genes in both T-reg and circulating plasma cells, leading to different cell fates. DHA's immunoregulatory mechanism has been elucidated and its potential for the treatment of autoimmune diseases is further justified.
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a potent antimalarial drug, also exhibits distinct property in modulation on T-reg and B cells, which has been recognized for decades, but the underlying mechanisms remain understood. Herein we revealed that DHA could promote T-reg proliferation, meanwhile, suppress B cell expansion in germinal centers, and consequently decrease the number of circulating plasma cells and the content of serum immunoglobulins. Further, DHA-activated T-reg significantly mitigated lipopolysaccharide-induced and malaria-associated inflammation. All these scenarios were attributed to the upregulation of c-Fos expression by DHA and enhancement of its interaction with target genes in both T-reg and circulating plasma cells with bilateral cell fates. In T-reg, the c-Fos-DHA complex upregulated cell proliferation-associated genes and promoted cell expansion; whereas in plasma cells, it upregulated the apoptosis-related genes resulting in decreased circulating plasma cells. Thus, the bilateral immunoregulatory mechanism of DHA was elucidated and its application in the treatment of autoimmune diseases is further justified.
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