Specific Focus on Antifungal Peptides against Azole Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

The prevalence of fungal infections is increasing worldwide, especially that of aspergillosis, which previously only affected people with immunosuppression. Aspergillus fumigatus can cause allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and endangers public health due to resistance to azole-type antimycotics such as fluconazole. Antifungal peptides are viable alternatives that combat infection by forming pores in membranes through electrostatic interactions with the phospholipids as well as cell death to peptides that inhibit protein synthesis and inhibit cell replication. Engineering antifungal peptides with nanotechnology can enhance the efficacy of these therapeutics at lower doses and reduce immune responses. This manuscript explains how antifungal peptides combat antifungal-resistant aspergillosis and also how rational peptide design with nanotechnology and artificial intelligence can engineer peptides to be a feasible antifungal alternative.

Automated summary

The global prevalence of fungal infections, particularly aspergillosis which was previously limited to immunosuppressed individuals, is on the rise. Aspergillus fumigatus, resistant to antimycotics such as fluconazole, poses a public health threat by causing allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Antifungal peptides, by forming pores in membranes through electrostatic interactions with phospholipids and inducing cell death as well as inhibiting protein synthesis and replication, offer a viable alternative. Engineering these peptides using nanotechnology can enhance efficacy, reduce dosages, and minimize immune responses.