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Thyroid carcinoma-featured telomerase activation and telomere maintenance: Biology and translational/clinical significance

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Multiple ETS Factors Participate in the Transcriptional Control of TERT Mutant Promoter in Thyroid Cancers

Caitlin E. M. Thornton et al.

Summary: This study reveals the complex regulatory mechanisms of TERT gene promoter mutations in thyroid tumors. It shows that multiple members of the ETS family can affect TERT transcription, even in the absence of promoter mutations. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of the MAPK signaling pathway in regulating TERT expression in thyroid cells. These findings suggest the need for a comprehensive understanding of the deregulation mechanisms of TERT in thyroid tumors before developing TPM-specific therapeutic strategies.

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Synergistic effects of telomerase reverse transcriptase and regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 on aggressiveness and outcomes in adrenocortical carcinoma

Huiyang Yuan et al.

Summary: Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 (RTEL1) play important roles in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and their expression levels are correlated with patient prognosis. High expression of both TERT and RTEL1 may promote ACC aggressiveness through the activation of multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, TERT and RTEL1 may serve as prognostic factors and therapeutic targets for ACC.

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Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Thyroid Neoplasms

Zubair W. Baloch et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the changes in the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors that relate to the thyroid gland. The new classification provides a more detailed understanding of the different types of thyroid tumors based on their cell of origin, pathologic features, molecular profiles, and biological behavior. It also introduces new categories, such as thyroid follicular nodular disease, non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features, and high-grade differentiated thyroid carcinomas. The classification emphasizes the importance of biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis.

ENDOCRINE PATHOLOGY (2022)

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Molecular classification of follicular thyroid carcinoma based on TERT promoter mutations

Hyunju Park et al.

Summary: The study aimed to improve the accuracy of predicting CSS in FTC patients by combining TERT promoter mutations with the WHO 2017 morphological classification.

MODERN PATHOLOGY (2022)

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Downregulation and Hypermethylation of GABPB1 Is Associated with Aggressive Thyroid Cancer Features

Xiangling Xing et al.

Summary: GABPB1 plays an oncogenic role in activating TERT gene expression, but also has tumor-suppressive functions in thyroid cancer. Targeting GABPB1 for cancer therapy should be cautious.

CANCERS (2022)

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Comprehensive molecular analysis of immortalization hallmarks in thyroid cancer reveals new prognostic markers

Cristina Montero-Conde et al.

Summary: Comprehensive molecular studies were conducted on thyroid tumors to identify prognostic biomarkers. Telomere-related alterations, especially TERT and TERC, were found in aggressive tumors. Short telomeres led to reorganization in the 5p subtelomeric region, resulting in increased gene upregulation and a more relaxed chromatin configuration in the tumors.

CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Telomerase Regulation: A Role for Epigenetics

Fatma Dogan et al.

Summary: This article provides an overview of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of TERT expression and telomerase activity, with a focus on their potential role in cancer treatment.

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Radiation-related genomic profile of papillary thyroid carcinoma after the Chernobyl accident

Lindsay M. Morton et al.

Summary: The 1986 Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident resulted in an increase in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) incidence in surrounding regions, especially in children exposed to radioactive iodine (I-131). Analysis of 440 PTCs from Ukraine showed radiation dose-dependent genomic alterations, with fusion drivers being enriched in individuals who were younger at exposure. Transcriptomic and epigenomic features were strongly associated with driver events, but not radiation dose, indicating DNA double-strand breaks as early carcinogenic events after environmental radiation exposure.

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Telomere-related Markers for Cancer

Xiaotian Yuan et al.

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Regulation of human telomerase in homeostasis and disease

Caitlin M. Roake et al.

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GABPA inhibits invasion/metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma by regulating DICER1 expression

Xiaotian Yuan et al.

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Prognostic significance of TERT promoter and BRAF mutations in TIR-4 and TIR-5 thyroid cytology

Simona Censi et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2019)

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Telomerase and Telomeres Biology in Thyroid Cancer

Benedetta Donati et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2019)

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TERT mRNA Expression as a Novel Prognostic Marker in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas

Aya Tanaka et al.

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Spectrum of TERT promoter mutations and mechanisms of activation in thyroid cancer

Federica Panebianco et al.

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TERT aberrancies: a screening tool for malignancy in follicular thyroid tumours

Johan O. Paulsson et al.

ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER (2018)

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Refining Dynamic Risk Stratification and Prognostic Groups for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer With TERT Promoter Mutations

Tae Hyuk Kim et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2017)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

TERT, BRAF, and NRAS in Primary Thyroid Cancer and Metastatic Disease

Miguel Melo et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2017)

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Systematic analysis of telomere length and somatic alterations in 31 cancer types

Floris P. Barthel et al.

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Genomic and transcriptomic hallmarks of poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers

Inigo Lancia et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2016)

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Systematic Review of Trends in the Incidence Rates of Thyroid Cancer

Joseph J. Wiltshire et al.

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TERT promoter mutations in thyroid cancer: a report from a Middle Eastern population

Ebtesam Qasem et al.

ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER (2015)

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Integrated Genomic Characterization of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Nishant Agrawal et al.

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TERT Promoter Mutations and Their Association with BRAF V600E Mutation and Aggressive Clinicopathological Characteristics of Thyroid Cancer

Xiaoli Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2014)

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TERT Promoter Mutations Are a Major Indicator of Poor Outcome in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas

Miguel Melo et al.

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Highly prevalent TERT promoter mutations in aggressive thyroid cancers

Xiaoli Liu et al.

ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER (2013)

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Frequent Somatic TERT Promoter Mutations in Thyroid Cancer: Higher Prevalence in Advanced Forms of the Disease

Inigo Landa et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2013)

Review Oncology

Molecular pathogenesis and mechanisms of thyroid cancer

Mingzhao Xing

NATURE REVIEWS CANCER (2013)

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Telomerase core components protect Candida telomeres from aberrant overhang accumulation

Min Hsu et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2007)

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Molecular cloning of a novel human gene encoding histone acetyltransferase-like protein involved in transcriptional activation of hTERT

JJ Lv et al.

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2003)