A randomized crossover study of the effect of butorphanol-lidocaine and tramadol-lidocaine on sevoflurane's minimum alveolar concentration in dogs

Inhalational anesthesia is routinely used in small animal surgery. Selecting a suitable drug combination is vital since it may negatively affect the patient's physiological condition. We conducted this study to examine the sparing effect of butorphanol-lidocaine (BUT-LID) and tramadol-lidocaine (TRM-LID) on sevoflurane's minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) in 10 healthy mongrel dogs aged 1-2 years and weighing 11.5 +/- 0.8 kg (mean +/- SD). Sevoflurane's MAC was measured on three separate occasions. The three dog treatment groups were control (CONT) anesthetized only with sevoflurane, TRM-LID (TRM, i.v. 1.5 mg kg(-1), then 1.3 mg kg(-1) h(-1) and LID, i.v. 2 mg kg(-1), then 3 mg kg(-1) h(-1)) or BUT-LID treatment (BUT, i.v. 0.1 mg kg(-1) then 0.2 mg kg(-1) h(-1) and LID, i.v. 2 mg kg(-1), then 3 mg kg(-1) h(-1)). We hypothesized that both TRM-LID and BUT-LID would result in a significant MAC sparing effect in healthy dogs. The TRM-LID treatment resulted in a non-significant MAC reduction. MAC was lowered significantly in the BUT-LID group (p = 0.009). The sevoflurane MAC-sparing effects of TRM-LID and BUT-LID treatments were 7.05 +/- 22.20 and 19.90 +/- 5.91%, respectively, a difference that was not statistically significant (p = 0.13). Bradycardia was observed in the TRM-LID (p < 0.001) treatment. The esophageal temperature was significantly higher for the TRM-LID treatment than the CONT (p < 0.001) treatment. No statistically significant changes were detected between the three groups in f(R), Pe ' CO2, and MABP. In conclusion, there was a significant sparing effect after adding BUT-LID co-infusion than the control group. No sparing effect was noticed when adding TRM-LID co-infusion. However, no difference in the MAC sparing percentages between the TRM-LID and BUT-LID treatments. The BUT-LID co-infusion resulted in a sevoflurane MAC reduction superior to TRM-LID in addition to minimal cardiorespiratory changes. Both BUT-LID and TRM-LID may be clinically beneficial to dogs during anesthesia. However, BUT-LID produced higher sparing effect and reduction of sevoflurane MAC value.

Automated summary

This study examined the sparing effect of BUT-LID and TRM-LID on sevoflurane's MAC in dogs. The BUT-LID treatment showed significant MAC reduction while the TRM-LID treatment did not. Both treatments had minimal effects on the cardiorespiratory system.