4.7 Review

Pheromones, binding proteins, and olfactory systems in the pig (Sus scrofa): An updated review

期刊

FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
卷 9, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.989409

关键词

chemical signaling; olfaction; steroid pheromones; vomeronasal organ; olfactory receptor (OR)

资金

  1. University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, India [F.4-2/2006 (BSR)/BL/17-18/0444]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Pigs use chemical communication, specifically steroid pheromones, for reproductive and other behaviors. These pheromones bind with carrier proteins and trigger a series of activities at the olfactory and endocrine levels. Pig appeasing pheromones also bind with carrier proteins and affect piglet behavior. Different proteins have been identified in the nasal mucus and vomeronasal organ (VNO) of pigs, playing critical roles. The importance of the chemosensory systems, main olfactory systems, and VNO in pigs has been comprehensively reported.
Pigs utilize multimodal communication for reproductive and other behaviors, and chemical communication is one of the key components. The success of reproduction relies on chemical communication favored by the steroid pheromones from boar saliva. These steroids were proven to be involved in advancing puberty in gilts (the boar effect) and in promoting estrus behaviors in gilts/sows, thereby helping to detect estrus and facilitating the timing of artificial insemination. The steroid pheromones bound with carrier proteins are evidenced in the mandibular (submandibular) salivary secretions of the boar. These salivary steroids bind with carrier proteins in the nasal mucus and vomeronasal organ (VNO) of the sows, eventually triggering a cascade of activities at the olfactory and endocrine levels. Besides steroid pheromones, pig appeasing pheromones (from mammary skin secretions of sows) have also been demonstrated to bind with carrier proteins in the nasal mucus and VNO of the piglets. Thus far, four different proteins have been identified and confirmed in the nasal mucus and VNO of pigs, including odorant binding proteins (OBPs), salivary lipocalin (SAL), pheromaxein, and Von Ebner's Gland Protein (VEGP). The critical roles of the chemosensory systems, main olfactory systems and VNO, have been comprehensively reported for pigs. This review summarizes the current knowledge on pheromones, their receptor proteins, and the olfactory systems of porcine species.

作者

我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。

评论

主要评分

4.7
评分不足

次要评分

新颖性
-
重要性
-
科学严谨性
-
评价这篇论文

推荐

暂无数据
暂无数据