期刊
DIAGNOSTICS
卷 12, 期 12, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123137
关键词
intellectual disability; global developmental delay; microdeletion; microduplication; CNV; chromosome microarray analysis
资金
- National Health Program
- UMFCV Internal grant [26/531/5/31.05.2022]
The study aims to explore the role of chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) in identifying the genetic causes of unexplained global developmental delay (GDD)/intellectual disability (ID). The study found that pathogenic copy number variations (pCNVs) contribute significantly to the genetic causes of GDD/ID. CMA can be effective in evaluating GDD/ID with uncertain etiology, especially in patients with associated comorbidities.
The investigation of unexplained global developmental delay (GDD)/intellectual disability (ID) is challenging. In low resource settings, patients may not follow a standardized diagnostic process that makes use of the benefits of advanced technologies. Our study aims to explore the contribution of chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) in identifying the genetic etiology of GDD/ID. A total of 371 Romanian patients with syndromic or non-syndromic GDD/ID, without epilepsy, were routinely evaluated in tertiary clinics. A total of 234 males (63.07%) and 137 (36.93%) females, with ages ranging from 6 months to 40 years (median age of 5.5 years), were referred for genetic diagnosis between 2015 and 2022; testing options included CMA and/or karyotyping. Agilent Technologies and Oxford Gene Technology CMA workflows were used. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic copy number variations (pCNVs) were identified in 79 patients (21.29%). Diagnosis yield was comparable between mild ID (17.05%, 22/129) and moderate/severe ID 23.55% (57/242). Higher rates were found in cases where facial dysmorphism (22.97%, 71/309), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (19.11%, 26/136) and finger anomalies (20%, 27/96) were associated with GDD/ID. GDD/ID plus multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) account for the highest detection rates at 27.42% (17/62). pCNVs represent a significant proportion of the genetic causes of GDD/ID. Our study confirms the utility of CMA in assessing GDD/ID with an uncertain etiology, especially in patients with associated comorbidities.
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