Evaluating Introgression Sorghum Germplasm Selected at the Population Level While Exploring Genomic Resources as a Screening Method

To exploit the novel genetic diversity residing in tropical sorghum germplasm, an expansive backcross nested-association mapping (BC-NAM) resource was developed in which novel genetic diversity was introgressed into elite inbreds. A major limitation of exploiting this type of genetic resource in hybrid improvement programs is the required evaluation in hybrid combination of the vast number of BC-NAM populations and lines. To address this, the utility of genomic information was evaluated to predict the hybrid performance of BC-NAM populations. Two agronomically elite BC-NAM populations were chosen for evaluation in which elite inbred RTx436 was the recurrent parent. Each BC1F3 line was evaluated in hybrid combination with an elite tester in two locations with phenotypes of grain yield, plant height, and days to anthesis collected on all test cross hybrids. Lines from both populations were found to outperform their recurrent parent. Efforts to utilize genetic distance based on genotyping-by-sequence (GBS) as a predictive tool for hybrid performance was ineffective. However, utilizing genomic prediction models using additive and dominance GBLUP kernels to screen germplasm appeared to be an effective method to eliminate inferior-performing lines that will not be useful in a hybrid breeding program.

Automated summary

In order to utilize the novel genetic diversity in tropical sorghum germplasm, a large-scale BC-NAM resource was developed to introgress the diversity into elite inbreds. The evaluation of genomic information was conducted to predict the hybrid performance of BC-NAM populations, and it was found that utilizing genomic prediction models could effectively eliminate inferior-performing lines that are not useful in a hybrid breeding program.