Associations between Periodontitis, COVID-19, and Cardiometabolic Complications: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence

Letter Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Dental diseases are associated with increased odds ratio for coronavirus disease 19

Joseph Katz et al.

ORAL DISEASES (2022)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Use of steroids in COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis

Manisha Thakur et al.

Summary: A meta-analysis of relevant studies has shown that the use of steroids in hospitalized COVID-19 patients can significantly reduce the risk of death.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Letter Virology

Mucormycosis in COVID-19 recovered patients

Anoop Kumar

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Diabetes and COVID-19: What 2 Years of the Pandemic Has Taught Us

Anca Pantea Stoian et al.

Summary: As the world battles through the third year of the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals with diabetes face unique challenges due to a harmful bidirectional relationship between the two disorders. Tight glucose control is hindered by physical limitations and limited access to healthcare, while novel glucose-lowering medications could offer specific advantages. It is crucial to prioritize a multi-faceted approach to reduce negative outcomes in diabetes patients at risk for COVID-19.

METABOLIC SYNDROME AND RELATED DISORDERS (2022)

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Review Immunology

Pathological sequelae of long-haul COVID

Saurabh Mehandru et al.

Summary: This review examines the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of post-COVID-19 syndromes, including persistent inflammation, induced autoimmunity, and putative viral reservoirs. The disease is called 'long-haul COVID' or 'post-COVID-19 syndrome', and clinical symptoms include fatigue, dyspnea, and neuropsychiatric syndromes.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

COVID-19 Pandemic and Periodontal Practice: The Immunological, Clinical, and Economic Points of View

Meshkat Naeimi Darestani et al.

Summary: The recent global health problem, COVID-19, has had far-reaching impacts on lifestyles and is closely related to dental and periodontal practice. The pandemic has limited dental services and necessitated a redefinition of infection control principles in the high-risk profession of dentistry. This study examines the associations between COVID-19 and periodontal and oral diseases, as well as the measures needed to control disease transmission in dental clinics and the economic impact of the pandemic on dental services.

BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL (2022)

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Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Periodontitis activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in serum and saliva

Gaetano Isola et al.

Summary: The study found that patients with periodontitis and periodontitis + type-II DM had higher NLRP3 concentrations in serum and saliva compared to healthy controls and type-II DM patients. Periodontitis was identified as a significant predictor of both serum and salivary NLRP3 concentrations.

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY (2022)

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Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

The clinical association between Periodontitis and COVID-19

Shipra Gupta et al.

Summary: The study found that males were more likely to be afflicted with COVID-19, while advanced age was associated with a higher prevalence of periodontitis. The severity of periodontitis was linked to an increased likelihood of needing assisted ventilation, hospital admission, death, and COVID-19-related pneumonia. The aMMP-8 mouthrinse kit was slightly more sensitive than site-specific tests.

CLINICAL ORAL INVESTIGATIONS (2022)

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Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

A case-control study on the association between periodontitis and coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

Pradeep S. Anand et al.

Summary: The study found an association between the severity of periodontitis and COVID-19. Gingival bleeding and dental plaque accumulation are more common among COVID-19 patients. Therefore, maintaining periodontal health and good oral hygiene is vital for COVID-19 prevention and management.

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY (2022)

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Review Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Oral health status and the etiology and prevention of nonventilator hospital-associated pneumonia

Frank A. Scannapieco et al.

Summary: Nonventilator hospital-associated pneumonia has become an important preventable hospital-associated infection and a leading cause of healthcare-associated infection. Poor oral health is linked to an increased risk of pneumonia caused by different pathogens. Oral care plays a crucial role in preventing nonventilator hospital-associated pneumonia.

PERIODONTOLOGY 2000 (2022)

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Review Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Periodontitis and cardiometabolic disorders: The role of lipopolysaccharide and endotoxemia

Pirkko J. Pussinen et al.

Summary: Lipopolysaccharide is a virulence factor of gram-negative bacteria that is crucial for the integrity of the bacterial surface. It activates both innate and adaptive immunity and can trigger inflammation directly or indirectly. Chronic endotoxemia, which is associated with an increased risk of inflammation-driven diseases, particularly cardiometabolic disorders, has been linked to the gut microbiota as the main source. Oral dysbiosis in periodontitis may also contribute to endotoxemia. This suggests that lipopolysaccharide could be a molecular link between periodontal microbiota and cardiometabolic diseases.

PERIODONTOLOGY 2000 (2022)

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Review Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Interconnection of periodontal disease and comorbidities: Evidence, mechanisms, and implications

George Hajishengallis

Summary: Periodontitis is linked with various other diseases, potentially with a causal relationship. Interventional studies and preclinical models support the connection between periodontitis and comorbidities, providing mechanistic insights. Advances in understanding the periodontitis-systemic disease connection may lead to innovative therapeutic options for reducing the risk of periodontitis-linked comorbidities.

PERIODONTOLOGY 2000 (2022)

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Review Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Periodontitis and coronavirus disease 2019

Faleh Tamimi et al.

Summary: There is a possible association between coronavirus disease 2019 and periodontitis, possibly due to their shared characteristics of inflammation and systemic effects. Studies suggest that periodontal disease may impact the severity of COVID-19. Further research is needed to confirm these observations and explore the potential role of periodontal care in the COVID-19 pandemic.

PERIODONTOLOGY 2000 (2022)

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Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Periodontal and systemic health of morbidly obese patients eligible for bariatric surgery: a cross-sectional study

Dejana Colak et al.

Summary: This study assessed the periodontal status of morbidly obese patients eligible for bariatric surgery and investigated the association between periodontitis, obesity-related comorbidities, and the Edmonton obesity staging system. The results showed that the prevalence of periodontitis was high in morbidly obese patients, but it was not significantly associated with other obesity-related diseases or higher stages of the Edmonton obesity staging system.

BMC ORAL HEALTH (2022)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Early microbial markers of periodontal and cardiometabolic diseases in ORIGINS

Clarisse Marotz et al.

Summary: Periodontitis and diabetes have a high comorbidity rate, which may be partly due to a shared etiology and pathophysiology. This study identified the log-ratio of Treponema to Corynebacterium bacteria as a novel Microbial Indicator of Periodontitis (MIP), which correlates with poor periodontal health and cardiometabolic markers early in disease pathogenesis.

NPJ BIOFILMS AND MICROBIOMES (2022)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

ACEi/ARB and Deaths of COVID-19 Patients

Gulam Navi Azad et al.

Summary: The study examined the association between the use of ACEi/ARB and the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients, and found no association between the two.

CURRENT HYPERTENSION REVIEWS (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Relationship between COVID-19 and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: A Large Spectrum from Glucocorticoid Insufficiency to Excess-The CAPISCO International Expert Panel

Mojca Jensterle et al.

Summary: The article reviews the rationale for glucocorticoid use in COVID-19 and emphasizes the need to be cautious about glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency. The authors also discuss other mechanisms that may affect HPA axis function and the increased risk and severity of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing HPA axis disorders.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

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Review Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Periodontitis and COVID-19: Biological Mechanisms and Meta-analyses of Epidemiological Evidence

G. Baima et al.

Summary: Periodontitis is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19. Overexpression of SARS-CoV-2 receptors and coreceptors in periodontal tissues of periodontitis patients triggers a positive feedback loop. Periodontitis may worsen COVID-19 through lower airway damage, exacerbation of the cytokine storm, and dissemination of the virus through the gingival epithelium.

JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH (2022)

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Review Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Periodontitis and implant complications in diabetes

Luigi Nibali et al.

Summary: Epidemiological evidence suggests that periodontitis is more common in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, indicating it may be considered as the sixth complication of diabetes. Both diabetes mellitus and periodontitis are prevalent chronic diseases that share common comorbidities and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Recent research has shown that periodontal treatment has the potential to improve metabolic control in diabetes, but long-term studies are still lacking. Uncontrolled diabetes also affects the response to periodontal treatment and the risk of developing peri-implant diseases.

PERIODONTOLOGY 2000 (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Cardiometabolic outcomes up to 12 months after COVID-19 infection. A matched cohort study in the UK

Emma Rezel-Potts et al.

Summary: The incidence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus increases in the acute and post-acute phases after COVID-19, but declines in the long-term phase. Short-term cardiovascular complications after COVID-19 mainly include pulmonary embolism, atrial arrhythmias, and venous thromboses.

PLOS MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Post-COVID syndrome, inflammation, and diabetes

Ali A. Rizvi et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has been impacting the world for three years. The SARS CoV 2 virus spreads rapidly and has a high morbidity and mortality in individuals with risk factors. After the acute phase, patients may experience long-term symptoms known as Long COVID or Post-COVID Syndrome, which may be caused by chronic inflammation and immunologic state. The prediction, course, and management of COVID-related hyperglycemia and diabetes still need further elucidation.

JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS (2022)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

The Dual Pandemics of COVID-19 and Obesity: Bidirectional Impact

Nitin Kapoor et al.

Summary: This manuscript summarizes the bidirectional impact of COVID-19 and obesity, highlighting how obesity can worsen the clinical outcome of COVID-19 by affecting lung compliance and activating thrombo-inflammatory pathways. The changes brought about by the pandemic have also contributed to an increase in obesity prevalence. Recognizing these pathways is important for implementing preventive measures and policy changes.

DIABETES THERAPY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Molecular and pro-inflammatory aspects of COVID-19: The impact on cardiometabolic health

Elena Lo Presti et al.

Summary: Obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease often coexist, forming cardiometabolic disease. During the COVID-19 pandemic, infected CMD patients are at a higher risk of severe damage due to overactivation of the immune system.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Managing the Systemic Impact of Periodontitis

Giuseppe Mainas et al.

Summary: Periodontitis is a host-mediated disease caused by microbes, which leads to the loss of periodontal attachment and bone. It is associated with elevated systemic inflammatory markers and systemic co-morbidities. Periodontal treatment induces acute local and systemic inflammatory response, which may be more burdensome for patients with compromised medical history and/or uncontrolled systemic diseases. This article discusses the correlation between periodontitis and systemic diseases, the impact on quality of life and public health, the effects of periodontal treatment on systemic health and disease, and methods to manage systemic inflammation after periodontal therapy.

MEDICINA-LITHUANIA (2022)

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Article Psychiatry

Neurological, neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental complications of COVID-19

Christos Pantelis et al.

Summary: This article highlights the impact of COVID-19 on the central nervous system and explores potential intergenerational effects, while also discussing the direct and indirect effects of the virus on the brain. Research focused on mechanistic insights will be crucial for informing future therapeutic approaches.

AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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Review Immunology

An enlightening role for cytokine storm in coronavirus infection

Zhongyi Zhao et al.

Summary: Infections by the novel coronavirus may result in cytokine storm, leading to multi-organ dysfunction and increased mortality.

CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Necrotizing periodontal disease: Oral manifestation of COVID-19

Jay Patel et al.

ORAL DISEASES (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Deciphering the COVID-19 cytokine storm: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Rubina Mulchandani et al.

Summary: Studies have shown significantly elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced T lymphocytes in severe COVID-19 cases. However, there is heterogeneity across studies due to small sample sizes, nonuniform outcome assessment, and varied definitions of disease severity, indicating a need for well-designed and adequately powered prospective studies for more definitive answers.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Inflammasome formation in the lungs of patients with fatal COVID-19

Stefano Toldo et al.

Summary: The study revealed intense expression of the inflammasome, particularly in leukocytes, within the lungs of all fatal COVID-19 patients. The number of ASC inflammasome specks per high power fields was significantly higher in the lungs of COVID-19 patients compared to controls. This suggests a potential molecular link between viral infection and cytokine release syndrome in fatal COVID-19 pneumonia.

INFLAMMATION RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Periodontitis, Edentulism, and Risk of Mortality: A Systematic Review with Meta-analyses

M. Romandini et al.

Summary: Periodontitis and edentulism are associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality worldwide.

JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Dermatology

Oral manifestations of COVID-19 disease: A review article

Behzad Iranmanesh et al.

Summary: Dysgeusia is the first recognized oral symptom of COVID-19, and oral lesions in patients can manifest as various types including ulcers, vesicles, and pigmentation, with the most common sites being the tongue and labial mucosa. Older patients with severe COVID-19 are more likely to have widespread and severe oral lesions.

DERMATOLOGIC THERAPY (2021)

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Letter Medicine, Research & Experimental

Periodontal pocket and COVID-19: Could there be a possible link?

Nirupa Elisetti

Summary: COVID-19 is an emerging health emergency that has devastated global economies and hindered individual well-being. Despite sustained research efforts, no definitive remedies for the virus have been found yet. Studies have shown consistent features specific to the disease, such as massive destruction of the lung, which disrupts the host's immune response.

MEDICAL HYPOTHESES (2021)

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Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

The relationship between COVID-19 and the dental damage stage determined by radiological examination

Dursun Ali Sirin et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Dental Damage Stage (DD Stg) and the severity of COVID-19 disease, revealing that higher DD Stg was associated with older age, mortality, and hospitalization due to COVID-19. The findings suggest that dental health may play a role in the severity and prognosis of viral diseases like COVID-19.

ORAL RADIOLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cardiometabolic Alterations in the Interplay of COVID-19 and Diabetes: Current Knowledge and Future Avenues

Ali A. Rizvi et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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News Item Critical Care Medicine

NICE guideline on long COVID

Priya Venkatesan

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

The impact of oral health status on COVID-19 severity, recovery period and C-reactive protein values

Amany Hany Mohamed Kamel et al.

Summary: The study found a significant inverse correlation between oral health and COVID-19 severity, with poor oral health associated with higher CRP levels and longer recovery periods. Further research is needed to explore this relationship in more depth.

BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Periodontal disease increases the host susceptibility to COVID-19 and its severity: a Mendelian randomization study

Yi Wang et al.

Summary: The study suggests that periodontal disease is significantly associated with increased susceptibility to COVID-19 and severity of the disease in hospitalized patients. The findings emphasize the importance of oral health care for general wellbeing during and beyond the pandemic.

JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 and Proinflammatory Cytokines Induced by the Periodontopathic Bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum in Human Respiratory Epithelial Cells

Yuwa Takahashi et al.

Summary: Periodontitis may be a risk factor for exacerbating COVID-19, promoting SARS-CoV-2 infection and worsening inflammation in the lower respiratory tract.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Association between periodontitis and severity of COVID-19 infection: A case-control study

Nadya Marouf et al.

Summary: Periodontitis was found to be associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 complications, including death, ICU admission, and need for assisted ventilation. Additionally, COVID-19 patients with periodontitis had higher levels of white blood cells, D-dimer, and C Reactive Protein, which are biomarkers linked to worse disease outcomes.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association between cardiometabolic disease and severe COVID-19: a nationwide case-control study of patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation

Per Svensson et al.

Summary: This study examined the associations between cardiometabolic factors such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension with severe COVID-19, finding that these factors were closely related to the severity of the disease, especially in younger populations. Additionally, type 2 diabetes posed a greater risk among women and non-EU immigrants. These results may inform targeted preventive measures such as vaccination for vulnerable patient groups.

BMJ OPEN (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Burden of chronic diseases associated with periodontal diseases: a retrospective cohort study using UK primary care data

Dawit T. Zemedikun et al.

Summary: In this retrospective cohort study, an association between periodontal diseases and chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, cardiometabolic disease, autoimmune disease and mental ill health was identified. Individuals with periodontal diseases had a higher likelihood of developing other chronic diseases, indicating a significant public health burden.

BMJ OPEN (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

SARS-CoV-2 infection induces beta cell transdifferentiation

Xuming Tang et al.

Summary: Recent clinical data suggest a correlation between COVID-19 and diabetes. This study found SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen in pancreatic beta cells, leading to the possibility of cell transdifferentiation. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 can cause changes in cell fate, providing new insights into the pathomechanisms of COVID-19.

CELL METABOLISM (2021)

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Article Biology

The circadian clock gene Bmal1: Role in COVID-19 and periodontitis

Ahmet ozer Sehirli et al.

Summary: Most living organisms exhibit physiological processes following a rhythmic pattern controlled by the interaction between environmental cues and the internal circadian timing system. Disruptions in the sleep-wake cycle can affect circadian genes expression, leading to metabolic disorders and immune system alterations, evident in inflammatory conditions such as periodontitis and COVID-19. These disruptions are linked to the downregulation of the brain and muscle ARNT-like protein-1 (Bmal1), which plays a crucial role in disease processes like periodontitis and viral infections.

CHRONOBIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL (2021)

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Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Dental biofilm of symptomatic COVID-19 patients harbours SARS-CoV-2

Sabrina Carvalho Gomes et al.

Summary: This study found that dental biofilms from symptomatic COVID-19 patients contain SARS-CoV-2 RNA, potentially serving as an important reservoir for COVID-19 transmission.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Promoting a Syndemic Approach for Cardiometabolic Disease Management During COVID-19: The CAPISCO International Expert Panel

Wael Al Mahmeed et al.

Summary: Efforts in fighting against COVID-19 have shown success in many parts of the world, and a syndemic approach is needed to address this pandemic. The international CAPISCO team aims to promote this approach and facilitate collaboration between researchers and clinicians worldwide.

FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 infection of the oral cavity and saliva

Ni Huang et al.

Summary: The study highlights the potential role of the oral cavity in COVID-19 pathogenesis, with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission via saliva. Viral shedding dynamics in saliva correlated with symptoms, and asymptomatic individuals were found to harbor sustained salivary antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 post-recovery.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome

Ani Nalbandian et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, causing global healthcare crises. Recovery from COVID-19 may lead to persistent symptoms and long-term complications, prompting the need for multidisciplinary care and follow-up for survivors.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Post-Acute COVID-19 Neurological Syndrome: A New Medical Challenge

Domenico Nuzzo et al.

Summary: The emergence of the highly pathogenic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in China in December 2019 led to the global spread of COVID-19, causing devastating socio-economic impacts and necessitating a focus on vulnerable groups. Scientific evidence suggests the importance of monitoring symptoms following acute infection, with a significant number of patients experiencing neurological complications even after recovery.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Hyperglycemia in acute COVID-19 is characterized by insulin resistance and adipose tissue infectivity by SARS-CoV-2

Moritz Reiterer et al.

Summary: The study found that hyperglycemia is common among patients with ARDS, and in patients with both ARDS and COVID-19, insulin resistance is the main cause of hyperglycemia. COVID-19 patients have lower levels of adiponectin, and SARS-CoV-2 may infect adipocytes, leading to dysfunction of adipose tissue.

CELL METABOLISM (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Increasing adiposity and the presence of cardiometabolic morbidity is associated with increased Covid-19-related mortality: results from the UK Biobank

Kiran H. K. Patel et al.

Summary: The study found that obesity was associated with increased risk of Covid-19-related mortality, and adipose volume may contribute to adverse outcomes associated with obesity in Covid-19 patients.

BMC ENDOCRINE DISORDERS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Bidirectional association between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Julia Stoehr et al.

Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the bidirectional prospective association between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. The findings revealed a positive correlation between the two conditions, highlighting the importance of screening patients with periodontitis for diabetes mellitus and vice versa. However, high unexplained heterogeneity between studies was noted as a main limitation.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Cardiomyocytes recruit monocytes upon SARS-CoV-2 infection by secreting CCL2

Liuliu Yang et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in cardiomyocytes in infected animals and damaged cardiomyocytes have been found in hamsters and COVID-19 autopsy samples. Experiment findings show that infected cardiomyocytes can lead to secretion of monocyte chemoattractant cytokine CCL2 and subsequent monocyte recruitment.

STEM CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Non-communicable Diseases and Oral Health: An Overview

Thomas Gerhard Wolf et al.

Summary: Non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, diabetes, cancer, and oral diseases, pose a global and highly relevant problem due to demographic and epidemiological changes. Training interdisciplinary oral health professionals is crucial in addressing the inequities in oral health. A paradigm shift towards a public health approach at the population level is necessary to integrate different health professionals dealing with NCDs and promote overall health.

FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH (2021)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Clinical Mortality Review of COVID-19 Patients at Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Nepal; A Retrospective Study

Anup Bastola et al.

Summary: A retrospective observational study on mortalities due to COVID-19 at a tertiary hospital in Nepal showed that male gender, age over 65 years, presence of multiple comorbidities, lymphocytopenia, elevated Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio, and elevated inflammatory markers were common risk factors among the majority of deaths.

TROPICAL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE (2021)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Cardiac manifestations of COVID-19

Agata Bielecka-Dabrowa et al.

Summary: COVID-19 infection can lead to cardiac involvement, including myocardial injury and other complications, with manifestations such as cardiac inflammation, necrosis, dysfunction, heart failure, and arrhythmia.

REVIEWS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Gingival Crevicular Fluid

S. Gupta et al.

Summary: Understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19 remains a significant challenge, and assessing the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) has shown promising results. The study found that a majority of patients, including asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic ones, had the novel coronavirus in their GCF samples, indicating a possible link between COVID-19 infection and oral health. GCF was found to be comparable to saliva in terms of sensitivity for detecting SARS-CoV-2, suggesting it as a potential mode of transmission.

JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Immunology

Local and systemic mechanisms linking periodontal disease and inflammatory comorbidities

George Hajishengallis et al.

Summary: Periodontitis is causally linked to the development of other chronic inflammatory diseases outside the oral mucosa, and intervention studies have shown that local treatment of periodontitis can ameliorate surrogate markers of comorbid conditions. Experimental animal studies have further strengthened the potential causal link by establishing biologically plausible and clinically consistent mechanisms. Understanding the impact of disseminated periodontal pathogens and systemic inflammation associated with periodontitis on extra-oral pathologies may lead to new therapeutic options to reduce the risk of periodontitis-associated comorbidities.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Aspiration of periodontopathic bacteria due to poor oral hygiene potentially contributes to the aggravation of COVID-19

Yuwa Takahashi et al.

Summary: There is a connection between periodontitis and COVID-19, poor oral hygiene may lead to worsened COVID-19 symptoms, while oral care can help prevent respiratory infections from occurring or worsening.

JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Review Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Periodontitis and respiratory diseases: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Isaac Suzart Gomes-Filho et al.

ORAL DISEASES (2020)

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Letter Critical Care Medicine

Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China

Qiurong Ruan et al.

INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

Chaolin Huang et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa

Hao Xu et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application

Stephen A. Lauer et al.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

Markus Hoffmann et al.

CELL (2020)

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Editorial Material Endocrinology & Metabolism

COVID-19 and diabetes management: What should be considered?

Antonio Ceriello et al.

DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE (2020)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study

Xiaobo Yang et al.

Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2020)

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Letter Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Salivary Glands: Potential Reservoirs for COVID-19 Asymptomatic Infection

J. Xu et al.

JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

The role of community-wide wearing of face mask for control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic due to SARS-CoV-2

Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2020)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

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