The Role of Isoflavones in the Prevention of Breast Cancer and Prostate Cancer

This narrative review summarizes epidemiological studies on breast cancer and prostate cancer with an overview of their global incidence distribution to investigate the relationship between these diseases and diet. The biological properties, mechanisms of action, and available data supporting the potential role of isoflavones in the prevention of breast cancer and prostate cancer are discussed. Studies evaluating the effects of isoflavones in tissue cultures of normal and malignant breast and prostate cells, as well as the current body of research regarding the effects of isoflavones attained through multiple modifications of cellular molecular signaling pathways and control of oxidative stress, are summarized. Furthermore, this review compiles literature sources reporting on the following: (1) levels of estrogen in breast and prostate tissue; (2) levels of isoflavones in the normal and malignant tissue of these organs in European and Asian populations; (3) average concentrations of isoflavones in the secretion of these organs (milk and semen). Finally, particular emphasis is placed on studies investigating the effect of isoflavones on tissues via estrogen receptors (ER).

Automated summary

This narrative review provides an overview of the epidemiological studies on breast cancer and prostate cancer, with a focus on the global incidence distribution and diet-related factors. It discusses the potential role of isoflavones in preventing these cancers by examining their biological properties, mechanisms of action, and available data. The review also summarizes studies on the effects of isoflavones in breast and prostate tissue, including their impact on cellular molecular signaling pathways and oxidative stress, as well as the levels of isoflavones in tissues and secretions.