Perinatal Oxidative Stress and Kidney Health: Bridging the Gap between Animal Models and Clinical Reality

Oxidative stress arises when the generation of reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species overwhelms antioxidant systems. Developing kidneys are vulnerable to oxidative stress, resulting in adult kidney disease. Oxidative stress in fetuses and neonates can be evaluated by assessing various biomarkers. Using animal models, our knowledge of oxidative-stress-related renal programming, the molecular mechanisms underlying renal programming, and preventive interventions to avert kidney disease has grown enormously. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the impact of perinatal oxidative stress on renal programming, the implications of antioxidant strategies on the prevention of kidney disease, and the gap between animal models and clinical reality.

Automated summary

Oxidative stress occurs when the production of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species exceeds the capacity of antioxidant systems. It has a significant impact on kidney development and can lead to kidney disease in adulthood. Evaluating biomarkers allows us to assess oxidative stress in fetuses and neonates. Animal models have provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of renal programming related to oxidative stress and interventions to prevent kidney disease. This comprehensive review examines the effects of perinatal oxidative stress on renal programming, the role of antioxidant strategies in kidney disease prevention, and the challenges in translating findings from animal models to clinical practice.