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Editorial Material
Immunology
Vivek P. Chavda et al.
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Vivek P. Chavda et al.
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive overview of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, including viral transmission and subsequent events in the human body. It also presents different drugs and vaccines used for the management of COVID-19. Several natural drugs are proposed for COVID-19 management, and an overview of post-COVID-19 complications in recovered patients is also provided.
Article
Virology
Xingguang Li
Summary: The Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant may have originated from a chronically infected patient vaccinated with mRNA or non-mRNA vaccines, highlighting the need for more effective one-dose vaccines to protect against new variants in the global fight against the pandemic.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Virology
Dandan Tian et al.
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, various variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged, showing increased infectivity and immune escape, posing new challenges to epidemic prevention and control.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Suresh Kumar et al.
Summary: The emergence of the new SARS-CoV-2 variant, Omicron, has raised concerns due to its potential high affinity for human ACE2, indicating a higher transmission potential. Compared to the Delta variant, Omicron has a significantly different amino acid composition and protein structure, which may affect its stability and ACE2 binding.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Virology
Dandan Tian et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in Botswana in November 2021 and has since become the dominant strain in many countries. With a high number of mutations, it presents new challenges for preventing and controlling COVID-19. This review aims to provide a scientific reference by analyzing and summarizing the biological characteristics, epidemic features, immune escape, and vaccine reactivity of the Omicron variant.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Wanwisa Dejnirattisai et al.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Anika Singanayagam et al.
Summary: Vaccination reduces the risk of delta variant infection and accelerates viral clearance. However, fully vaccinated individuals with breakthrough infections may still have similar peak viral loads as unvaccinated cases and can efficiently transmit the infection.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Vivek P. Chavda et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kang Wang et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is highly resistant to neutralizing antibodies, which raises concerns about the effectiveness of antibody therapies and vaccines. A study found that individuals who received two or three doses of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine had varying rates of seroconversion for neutralizing antibodies. The effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies against Omicron was significantly lower in individuals who received three vaccine doses. However, monoclonal antibodies derived from individuals who received three vaccine doses showed strong neutralizing activity against all variants of concern, including Omicron.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Akatsuki Saito et al.
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the B.1.617.2/Delta variant has been found to be highly fusogenic and more pathogenic in infected hamsters compared to prototypic SARS-CoV-2. The P681R mutation in the spike protein of this variant enhances viral fusogenicity and pathogenicity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Henning Gruell et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates that neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is greatly reduced in individuals who received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine or have recovered from the disease, but is significantly increased after a booster vaccine dose.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samuel M. S. Cheng et al.
Summary: Specific antibody levels against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant decrease significantly after two doses of BNT162b2 or CoronaVac vaccines, but can be markedly increased with a booster dose of BNT162b2. Individuals who previously received two doses of BNT162b2 or CoronaVac showed reduced serum antibody titers against Omicron, while a BNT162b2 booster dose increased the antibody levels in the majority of individuals. This suggests mRNA vaccine boosters may be necessary in countries primarily using CoronaVac vaccines to combat the spread of Omicron.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Emi Takashita et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
David R. Martinez et al.
Summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs), including SARS-CoV-2 variants, can cause deadly infections. A human antibody called DH1047 has been shown to neutralize SARS-CoV and various coronaviruses, and protect against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 infection in mice. The study suggests that DH1047 could be a broadly protective antibody and a potential target for a universal sarbecovirus vaccine.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Virology
Ragothaman Prathiviraj et al.
Summary: This study investigated the genomic and proteomic variants of Brazilian SARS-CoV-2 isolates and identified multiple genotypic variants. Some of the variants had unique mutations and certain mutations made the virus more virulent. The fast protein folding rate also potentially led to viral escape from current antivirals.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Baisheng Li et al.
Summary: This article reports the first local transmission of the Delta variant in mainland China. Compared to A/B lineage infections during the first wave in China in early 2020, Delta infections had viral loads that were on average about 1000 times greater when they first tested positive, suggesting potentially faster viral replication and greater infectiousness during early infection. The transmission bottleneck size of the Delta variant was generally narrow, with 1-3 virions in most donor-recipient transmission pairs. However, transmission of minor intra-host variants resulted in at least 3 of the 34 substitutions identified in the outbreak, highlighting the contribution of intra-host variants to population-level viral diversity during rapid spread.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tobias Mourier et al.
Summary: Monitoring the spread and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 through genome sequencing is crucial in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, the authors sequenced 892 SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected from patients in Saudi Arabia and identified two consecutive mutations in the nucleocapsid protein that were associated with higher viral loads in COVID-19 patients. Through biochemical analysis, they found that the mutant protein displayed enhanced viral RNA binding and differential interaction with key host proteins. The study also revealed dysregulated interferon response genes in host cells expressing the mutant protein. These findings provide important insights into the modulation of host-virus interactions and highlight the potential of the nucleocapsid protein as a target for drug development during infection.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Naushad Ahmad Khan et al.
TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xun Wang et al.
Summary: This study found that the Omicron variant is highly resistant to neutralization by sera from convalescents or individuals vaccinated with two doses of inactivated whole-virion vaccines. However, a homologous or heterologous booster significantly increased neutralization titers. Additionally, the Omicron variant resists most monoclonal antibodies targeting distinct epitopes. These findings highlight the importance of pushing forward booster vaccinations to combat emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mehmet Onur Aydogdu et al.
Summary: COVID-19 vaccines have made a substantial scientific leap in countering the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and global vaccination programs have played a significant role in saving lives. However, the continuous evolution of the virus has resulted in different variants, some of which pose a threat to vaccine efficacy. This review highlights the significant variants of SARS-CoV-2 encountered so far and discusses preventive strategies, with a focus on physical and materials science.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ruediger Gross et al.
Summary: According to a study on a cohort of individuals who received heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 BNT162b2 vaccination, the regimen induced potent humoral and cellular immune responses, with strong neutralization of the most prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants. The results suggest that this heterologous vaccination regimen is at least as immunogenic and protective as homologous vaccinations and also offers protection against current variants of concern.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xiao-wen Cheng et al.
Summary: This study used genomic surveillance to track the transmission and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in Hefei during the COVID-19 pandemic. A local novel single-nucleotide polymorphism site and a local subtype of the virus were identified. Mutations at specific positions were associated with milder immune responses in patients.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Vivek P. Chavda et al.
Summary: Monoclonal antibodies are considered the most effective therapy against COVID-19, showing reduction in viral load, hospitalizations, and death rates. Different mAbs are in various stages of clinical trials in different countries, with some already in Phase III and IV.
EXPERT OPINION ON BIOLOGICAL THERAPY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel Beyer et al.
Summary: This article summarizes the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 antagonizes interferon production and signaling to establish productive infection. Understanding host-pathogen interactions is critical for managing COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Rafal Butowt et al.
Summary: The omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 causes lower prevalence of anosmia compared to previous variants, possibly due to changes in tissue infection mechanisms. The new mutations make omicron less capable of infecting olfactory cells, thereby sparing olfactory function.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Virology
Vivek P. Chavda et al.
Summary: Numerous variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged, with increased transmission, severe illness, evasive immunological features, decreased neutralization by antibodies, and higher susceptibility to reinfection. The CDC has categorized these variants into variants of interest, variants of concern, and variants of high consequence. This review article summarizes the various variants, particularly the globally spreading variants of concern, and their impact on the virus properties.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Igor Smolenov et al.
Summary: This study investigated the protection provided by previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 against subsequent COVID-19 infection, as well as the efficacy and safety of the SCB-2019 vaccine in individuals who had already been exposed to the virus. The results showed that previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 reduced the risk and severity of COVID-19, including against emerging variants. Additionally, one to two doses of the SCB-2019 vaccine further enhanced protection.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Cornelia Adlhoch et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Noel Badano et al.
Summary: This study analyzed the humoral response to the BBIBP-CorV vaccine in healthcare workers in Argentina. It found that antibody concentrations significantly increased after both the first and second doses of the vaccine. Individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection had higher antibody titers after a single dose compared to naive subjects after two doses. However, antibody levels declined three months after the second dose.
MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Biology
Yu Cao et al.
SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Anh Duc Dang et al.
Summary: Affordable COVID-19 vaccines are necessary in low- and middle-income countries. An inactivated NDV-HXP-S vaccine expressing the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 was tested in a phase 1/2 trial in Vietnam, showing acceptable safety and strong immunogenicity. The 3 μg dose performed the best 14 days after vaccination.
Article
Virology
Gaetano Cicchitto et al.
Summary: There is limited knowledge on the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in treating the delta variant of concern. This study evaluated the effect of casirivimab/imdevimab treatment on five delta vaccine breakthrough patients. The results showed that most cases experienced symptom improvement and reduction in viral load within days after mAbs treatment. The study suggests that mAbs treatment is safe and effective against the delta variant and its clinical manifestations.
Review
Virology
Vivek P. Chavda et al.
Summary: This paper discusses the potential of replicating viral vectors as vaccine carriers for SARS-CoV-2. Despite being the third member of human coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 has a much wider range of transmission compared to previous coronaviruses. Although there is a possibility of zoonotic origin, no animal originated coronavirus similar to the initial edition of SARS-CoV-2 has been identified so far.
News Item
Medicine, General & Internal
Elisabeth Mahase
Summary: Recombinants can emerge when multiple variants infect the same person, allowing their genetic material to mix and form new combinations. As COVID-19 cases rise worldwide, the likelihood of recombinants increases. The technical lead emphasizes the need for additional measures, in addition to vaccines, and highlights the importance of global testing and sequencing.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Adam S. Lauring et al.
Summary: mRNA vaccines were highly effective in preventing covid-19 associated hospital admissions related to the alpha, delta, and omicron variants. Three vaccine doses were required for protection against omicron, while two doses provided protection against delta and alpha variants. Omicron variant showed lower disease severity compared to delta variant but still resulted in morbidity and mortality. Vaccinated patients had lower disease severity than unvaccinated patients for all the variants.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Yang Liu et al.
Summary: This study reports that the P681R mutation in the Delta spike plays a crucial role in the replacement of the Alpha variant by the Delta variant during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Delta variant outcompetes the Alpha variant in human lung cells and airway tissues. The P681R mutation enhances the cleavage of the spike protein, leading to increased replication of the Delta variant.
Article
Immunology
Vivek P. Chavda et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is spreading in communities where previous infections and vaccinations have taken place. Over 130 countries have implemented booster dose programs to combat the Omicron variant. While early findings suggest that booster doses may enhance protection against Omicron, further research is needed to determine the efficacy of vaccines. This short communication critically discusses research findings on the booster dose strategy for Omicron.
Review
Microbiology
Hao Zhou et al.
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 virus is continuously evolving and mutating, with the emergence of the highly mutated and transmissible Omicron variant. This variant evades protection from vaccines and antibody-based therapies, but is sensitive to certain antiviral drugs. Understanding the virology and immune mechanisms of the Omicron variant is crucial for developing effective vaccines and treatments.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Vivek P. Chavda et al.
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2022)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Suvimol Niyomnaitham et al.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yunlong Cao et al.
Summary: Omicron sublineages BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 have higher transmissibility and increased evasion of neutralizing antibodies compared to the BA.2 lineage. They exhibit similar binding affinities to the ACE2 receptor as BA.2. BA.1 infection after vaccination boosts humoral immune memory against wild-type SARS-CoV-2, but these antibodies are largely evaded by BA.2 and BA.4/BA.5 variants.
Review
Virology
Lok Bahadur Shrestha et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is a major public health concern due to its high infectivity and antibody evasion. It has rapidly become the dominant variant worldwide and has evolved through several variants. The evolution of Omicron is thought to be influenced by zoonotic spillage, infection in immunocompromised individuals, and undiagnosed spread in the community. Current research suggests that Omicron is more infectious than the original Wuhan-Hu-1 and Delta variants, but less severe in terms of its impact on lung tissue. Vaccines have shown reduced effectiveness against Omicron, but booster shots can improve efficacy. Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have limited effectiveness against Omicron, with some exceptions. New variants, such as BA.4 and BA.5, are emerging and are reported to be more transmissible and resistant to immunity generated by previous variants and monoclonal antibodies.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xuan-Yi Wang et al.
Summary: The decline of neutralizing titres and protection efficacy after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccines, including China-made inactivated vaccines, was observed. A heterologous boosting using a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 fusion protein vaccine (V-01) was studied in inactivated vaccine-primed population to restore immunity, showing a significant increase in neutralizing titres and an efficacy of 47.8%. The use of the V-01 vaccine for heterologous boosting was safe and effective in inducing robust humoral immunity during the Omicron variant epidemic.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Rolando Ochoa-Azze et al.
Summary: This study reported the results of a phase 2 clinical trial involving 450 COVID-19 convalescent individuals. The findings suggest that a single dose of the FINLAY-FR-1A vaccine can enhance the natural immunity of convalescent individuals and has a good safety profile.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Sai Luo et al.
Summary: The Omicron subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 have caused a global crisis as they are resistant to most approved neutralizing antibodies and evade vaccination-induced antibodies. In this study, researchers describe a mouse model that produces a diverse repertoire of humanized SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Through immunization with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, they identified a potent and broadly neutralizing antibody, SP1-77, which bound to the receptor-binding domain in a unique way. This antibody showed potential therapeutic value and could inform vaccine strategies. Furthermore, this humanized mouse model may contribute to the development of therapeutic antibodies against future SARS-CoV-2 variants and other pathogens.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David T. Huang et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) casirivimab-imdevimab and sotrovimab against the Delta variant of COVID-19 and found that both treatments were associated with a reduced risk of hospitalization or death in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 caused by the Delta variant.
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Daniel J. Sheward et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Vivek P. Chavda et al.
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global pandemic, leading to a public health emergency. The rise of new variants is mainly attributed to genetic mutations and recombination. Pregnant women, elderly individuals, and immunosuppressed patients are the most vulnerable to infection. Prevention and prophylactic measures are crucial in managing the disease. Advances in therapeutic and pharmacological domains have provided opportunities for the development of novel strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
PHARMACOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chih-Jung Chen et al.
Summary: Heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine strategy can enhance mass immunization. This study demonstrates the early immunogenicity and safety outcomes of heterologous immunization with a viral vector vaccine and a spike-2P subunit vaccine. The results show superior neutralizing antibody titers and enhanced immune cell responses in the heterologous group, supporting the use of this strategy for COVID-19 immunization.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Vivek P. P. Chavda et al.
Summary: The outbreak of the novel coronavirus led to a global pandemic, putting a heavy burden on the global health system. To prevent the spread and reduce deaths, worldwide efforts were made to fast-track the development and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, despite uncertainties caused by new variants.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chang Yi Wang et al.
Summary: The UB-612 vaccine showed favorable safety profile, long-lasting antibody response, and broad T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Delta and Omicron, in phase I/II trials.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yao Fan et al.
Summary: Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has emerged as the most mutated and concerning variant. It has shown high transmissibility and immune evasion abilities, rapidly replacing the Delta variant in several regions. However, recent studies suggest that Omicron has reduced pathogenicity and significant resistance to vaccines and antibody therapies. This review summarizes the molecular and clinical characteristics of Omicron, discusses potential therapeutic approaches, and highlights strategies for ending the pandemic.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Erik Volz et al.
Summary: The study suggests a positive selection for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variant D614G in the UK, but no evidence of differences in COVID-19 mortality or clinical severity in patients infected with this variant. 614G is associated with higher viral load and younger age of patients compared to 614D.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David N. Fisman et al.
Summary: Research in Ontario, Canada, showed that new variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 have higher risks of hospitalization, ICU admission, and death compared to non-VOC strains, with the Delta variant showing the most pronounced increase in risk.
CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Vivek P. Chavda et al.
Summary: DNA vaccines have the potential to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 by transforming host cells into protein factories that trigger the immune system to produce antibodies. This vaccine platform offers advantages such as strong cellular immune response, high safety margin, and simple production process, making it a robust choice for large-scale production.
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bryan A. Johnson et al.
Summary: The genetic mutation in SARS-CoV-2 resulted in better fitness in some cells but lower replication capacity in human respiratory cell lines. Despite reducing disease symptoms, the Delta PRRA mutant provided protection against rechallenge with the wildtype SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lalitha Guruprasad
Summary: Analyzing spike protein sequences from different regions globally, this study found that out of 10333 sequences, 8155 proteins had mutations. A total of 9654 mutations were observed, with 44 mutations in the RBD region.
PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS
(2021)
News Item
Medicine, General & Internal
Jennifer Abbasi
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Saathvik R. Kannan et al.
Summary: The study revealed differences in the mutational profile between Delta and Delta Plus variants, with Delta Plus having more high-prevalence mutations and unique signature mutations. Structural analysis showed that these mutations can weaken the interactions between the virus and antibodies.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Filip Fratev
Summary: The study used free energy perturbation calculations to investigate how mutations in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 affect its interactions with ACE2 receptor and antibodies. The results showed that certain mutations could significantly impact these interactions, potentially explaining the increased spread of the virus in the U.K. and South Africa. This study also highlighted the importance of protein-protein FEP in providing urgent data to the scientific community when experimental data is limited.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING
(2021)
Article
Virology
Dennis M. Bierle et al.
Summary: The study demonstrated that during a surge of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, vaccination and casirivimab-imdevimab treatment significantly influenced the clinical outcome of COVID-19, especially among patients with multiple medical comorbidities.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chen Bai et al.
Summary: This study focused on understanding the relationship between mutations and infection speed of SARS-CoV-2 variants. By using a coarse-grained model, the researchers calculated the free energy changes of different mutations and explored the underlying mechanisms of these changes. The results indicate a correlation between faster spreading mutants and enhanced binding affinity with human receptors, as well as reduced binding to certain antibodies, offering insights into predicting and assessing new variants and antibody effectiveness.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Jessica A. Plante et al.
Summary: Despite the development of vaccines, COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to be a global concern due to the emergence of new variants, raising worries about increased spread and potential impacts on immunity.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Salim S. Abdool Karim et al.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alasdair P S Munro et al.
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Vimvara Vacharathit et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Minal K. Patel
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Jennifer A. Belsky et al.
Summary: Severe COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has a greater impact on immunocompromised patients such as cancer and solid organ transplant recipients, leading to higher comorbidities and poorer hospital outcomes. However, hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and pediatric cancer patients tend to have clinical presentations and outcomes similar to the general population.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Moon Seong Baek et al.
Summary: The study of 6,435 COVID-19 patients revealed that immunocompromised status among patients was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality, even after adjusting for baseline characteristics.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rajaneesh K. Gupta et al.
Summary: Drug repurposing strategy was used to identify potential drugs for COVID-19 treatment by analyzing differentially expressed genes related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 15 potential novel drug candidates were identified among 283 differentially expressed genes, showing promise for effective intervention against the ongoing pandemic.
News Item
Medicine, General & Internal
Jacqui Wise
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Virology
Shang Yu Gong et al.
Summary: Towards the end of 2020, various variants of concern and interest emerged from the original SARS-CoV-2 strain, with a focus on mutations in the Spike protein and their impact on transmissibility, pathogenesis, and vaccine efficacy. Single mutations were found to have differential contributions to the global variants phenotype related to ACE2 interaction and antigenicity, with enhanced ACE2 interaction mainly being modulated by a decrease in off-rate. Additionally, it was observed that the Spike proteins from emerging variants bind better to ACE2 at 37 degrees C compared to the D614G variant.
Review
Immunology
Dandan Tian et al.
Summary: The Delta variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, first reported in India in October 2020 and classified as a variant of concern by the WHO in May 2021, is highly transmissible and associated with increased hospitalization, ICU admission, and mortality rates. It has become the dominant strain in many countries globally.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Liyana Ahmad
Summary: This article discusses the pressures leading to the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and key mutations that promote immune escape mechanisms, highlighting the potential threats to the efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines. It cautions on the risks of reinfection, vaccine breakthrough infections, and therapeutic values.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Salim S. Abdool Karim et al.
Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including B.1.1.7 (VOC-202012/01), 501Y.V2 (B.1.351), and P.1 (B.1.1.28.1), has raised concerns about worsening Covid-19 and potential escape from vaccine-induced immunity.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ezgi Hacisuleyman et al.
Summary: Despite evidence of vaccine efficacy, two fully vaccinated individuals developed mild symptoms of Covid-19 and were infected with variants of SARS-CoV-2. Sequencing of the virus isolates revealed novel mutations, highlighting the potential risk of illness post-vaccination and subsequent infection with variant virus. Efforts to prevent, diagnose, and characterize variants in vaccinated individuals are crucial.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Irwin Jungreis et al.
Summary: Despite the clinical importance, the SARS-CoV-2 gene set remains unresolved, hindering dissection of COVID-19 biology. By comparing 44 Sarbecovirus genomes, a high-confidence protein-coding gene set is provided, characterizing protein-level and nucleotide-level evolutionary constraints, and prioritizing functional mutations from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Artem Nemudryi et al.
Summary: Over 950,000 whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 have been determined globally, providing crucial insights into the virus's transmission and evolution. Mutations in ORF7a have been found to affect the virus's ability to suppress the immune response, highlighting the importance of understanding viral mechanisms in combating COVID-19.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Ales Varabyou et al.
Summary: A novel method identified potential recombinant SARS-CoV-2 genomes, aiding in the rapid analysis of novel isolates.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mitnala Sasikala et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates that saliva has high sensitivity for detecting COVID-19, especially in symptomatic patients in the early stages of onset. Saliva collection method is easy and safe, offering potential as a screening tool at the community level in the future.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chang Liu et al.
Summary: Recent study examined the neutralizing ability of monoclonal antibodies, convalescent and vaccine sera against the Indian variants B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2, showing that the neutralization of these variants is reduced compared to the ancestral strains, without widespread antibody escape as seen in other variants like B.1.351.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Vivek P. Chavda et al.
Summary: Intranasal vaccines have advantages in targeting SARS-CoV-2 infection, eliciting immune responses, and avoiding infections, while also convenient for self-administration and storage at ambient temperatures.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Lianlian Bian et al.
Summary: The Delta variant has caused a new wave of COVID-19 epidemic, requiring a higher proportion of the population to be vaccinated to reduce disease burden. Existing vaccines have shown decreased protective efficacy against the Delta variant, with a decline in neutralizing antibody titers post-vaccination. Accelerating vaccine coverage and intervention measures like mask-wearing are effective ways to control the spread of the Delta variant.
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Bradley A. Connor et al.
Summary: Two cases of Delta variant vaccine breakthrough infections were reported, involving a father and son living separately. The 63-year-old father required hospitalization for severe symptoms, but his condition improved within 24 hours after receiving monoclonal antibody therapy despite having high levels of anti-spike IgG in his serum.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Timothy A. Bates et al.
Summary: This study investigates the correlation between age and neutralizing antibody levels against the SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020 strain and the P.1 variant after receiving 2 doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gajanan N. Sapkal et al.
JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Angela Choi et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates that vaccination with the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine produces neutralizing antibodies against various emerging variants, including variants of concern and interest. While neutralization of some variants may be reduced compared to the wild-type virus, the protective effect is still present, informing vaccination strategies against COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Emma C. Wall et al.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Emma C. Wall et al.
Editorial Material
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Vivek P. Chavda et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Delphine Planas et al.
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 Delta variant, first identified in India in 2020, has become dominant in some regions and is spreading to many countries. This variant shows resistance to certain monoclonal antibodies and antibodies in convalescent sera, as well as reduced neutralization by some COVID-19 vaccines. Administration of two doses of the vaccine is needed for a neutralizing response against the Delta variant.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angela Choi et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates that both the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine and its variant-modified booster doses are safe and effective in improving neutralizing antibody titers against various virus variants.
Review
Microbiology
William T. Harvey et al.
Summary: The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has been characterized by the emergence of mutations and variants that impact virus characteristics. Manufacturers are preparing for possible updates to vaccines in response to changes in the virus population, and it is crucial to monitor genetic and antigenic changes alongside experiments to understand the impacts of mutations.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Dan H. Barouch et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
M. P. O'Brien et al.
Summary: The study indicates that subcutaneous REGEN-COV can effectively prevent severe Covid-19 and reduce the duration of symptoms in individuals at high risk for infection due to household exposure to confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Lawrence Corey et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kai Kupferschmidt et al.
Review
Virology
Lennox Chitsike et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted healthcare infrastructures and social and economic lives, requiring effective solutions to end the pandemic and mitigate its effects on mortality and society. In addition to vaccines, therapeutics are still needed to address challenges posed by new variants and vaccine hesitancy.
Article
Microbiology
Farooq Rashid et al.
Summary: This study investigated the impact of mutations in the ORF8 gene of SARS-CoV-2 on its binding with IRF3 and evasion of the host immune system. The findings suggest that these mutations may alter the virus's binding affinity with IRF3, aiding in immune evasion.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Chengchao Ding et al.
Summary: Research has found that certain key mutations in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 may lead to the virus evading neutralization by convalescent plasmas and monoclonal antibodies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Jiri Zahradnik et al.
Summary: In vitro evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain successfully generated a high-affinity variant effective in inhibiting virus infection. Mutations present in more transmissible viruses were preferentially selected, and increased affinity to ACE2 was positively correlated with the incidence of RBD mutations in the population. The study also identified mutations with potential higher infectivity, and the high-affinity RBD variant showed efficacy in inhibiting infection in vitro and reducing clinical disease in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 challenge.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Vivek P. Chavda et al.
Review
Immunology
Ahmed Yaqinuddin et al.
Summary: COVID-19 vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies have been widely used for prevention and treatment of the disease, but the emergence of viral variants has impacted the effectiveness of these therapies. Despite challenges posed by viral variants, through continuous improvement and research, strategies are being explored to address these variants.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xuemei He et al.
Summary: The new SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.529 named Omicron, reported in South Africa, has raised global concerns after being designated as a variant of concern by the WHO. With a high number of mutations, including 15 in the spike receptor-binding domain, the Omicron variant shares similarities with previous VOCs, sparking worries about its transmissibility and immune evasion.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shayan Shiehzadegan et al.
Summary: The Delta variant, known as B.1.617.2, is 60% more transmissible than the alpha variant and has become the dominant strain globally. Vaccine companies like AstraZeneca, Pfizer/BioNTech, and Moderna have reported slightly reduced efficacy in protecting against this variant.
CLINICS AND PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xuemei He et al.
Summary: The text discusses the emergence of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2, highlighting its rapid spread and impact on vaccine effectiveness. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the characteristics and effects of this variant for effective prevention and control measures against COVID-19.
Article
Immunology
Lishuang Shen et al.
Summary: Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Membrane (M) gene, particularly the recently identified M:I82T mutation, have seen a significant increase in frequency. This new sub-B.1 clade, B.1.I82T, suggests potential implications for viral replication and should be closely monitored for further evaluation.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Tyler N. Starr et al.
Summary: The study mapped mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain that escape binding by certain monoclonal antibodies. These mutations are concentrated in specific lineages of SARS-CoV-2. The authors suggest diversifying the epitopes targeted by antibodies and antibody cocktails to make them more resilient to SARS-CoV-2 antigenic evolution.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gajendra Kumar Azad
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is rapidly spreading with high mutation rates, as shown by the twenty mutations found among Indian isolates. Some of these mutations impact the secondary structure of the N protein.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Moon Seong Baek et al.
Summary: Immunocompromised status among COVID-19 patients is significantly associated with a higher risk of mortality, showing a higher in-hospital mortality rate.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Tuan M. Nguyen et al.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Yi-Chi Wu et al.
JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chaolin Huang et al.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Domenico Benvenuto et al.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jun Lan et al.
Review
Immunology
Vibhuti Kumar Shah et al.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiangyang Chi et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ching-Lin Hsieh et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lizhou Zhang et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Anne M. Davidson et al.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jun-Sub Kim et al.
OSONG PUBLIC HEALTH AND RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES
(2020)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mustafa Hasoksuz et al.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2020)
