Influence of Hermetia illucens Larvae Meal Dietary Inclusion on Growth Performance, Gut Histological Traits and Stress Parameters in Sparus aurata

Simple Summary The sustainability and further development of an intensive aquaculture of carnivores have been threatened in recent years by their dependence on fishmeal and fish oil. Alternative ingredients are therefore necessary to promote sustainable aquaculture production without compromising fish growth and health. Use of insects as an alternative protein source for aquaculture feed production is an excellent example of circular economy. Among insects, Hermetia illucens is one of the most promising sustainable protein and lipid sources. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of partially defatted HIM dietary inclusion on growth performance, stress indicators and gut histological traits of Sparus aurata. The feeding trial was carried out on 312 fish fed with a basal diet containing only fish meal as a protein source of animal origin, and three diets (HIM25, HIM35 and HIM50) containing 25%, 35% and 50% defatted Hermetia illucens meal as a partial replacement for fishmeal. The trial lasted 131 days. The results show that the insect meal inclusion did not affect growth performance and blood parameters and the health of the posterior gut tract, while the inclusion level at the 50% caused morphometric and histopathological changes in the anterior gut tract. Among the diets, the HIM35 was the most tolerated formulation by fish. This study provided new data and knowledge on the potential use of Hermetia illucens meal (HIM) as a new sustainable ingredient for Sparus aurata diet. The effect of HIM dietary inclusion on fish growth performance, stress indicators and gut histology was studied. For 131 days, 312 fish were fed a basal diet containing fishmeal as animal protein source, and three diets containing 25%, 35% and 50% HIM as a partial replacement for fishmeal. The main findings indicated that fishmeal can be replaced by HIM up to 110 g/kg of substitution (35% of inclusion in diet) without negative effects on growth performance, stress parameters or histological traits of the posterior gut tract, and with positive effects (p < 0.05) on the histological and morphometric characteristics of the anterior gut tract. At the same time, the results showed that the effect of Hermetia illucens meal at 50% inclusion level caused morphometric and histopathological alterations in the anterior gut tract of seabream. In conclusion, this preliminary study suggested that the dietary inclusion level of HIM35 was the most tolerated by fish showing the best gut morphometric parameters and histological conditions, with fewer signs of inflammation, as well as good nutritional and health status.

Automated summary

This study evaluated the effects of partially defatted Hermetia illucens meal on the growth performance, stress indicators, and gut histological traits of Sparus aurata. The results showed that the inclusion of insect meal did not affect growth performance or blood parameters, but at a 50% inclusion level, it caused morphometric and histopathological changes in the anterior gut tract. Among the diets, the 35% inclusion level was the most tolerated by fish.