Impact of gut-brain interaction in emerging neurological disorders

The central nervous system (CNS) is a reservoir of immune privilege. Specialized immune glial cells are responsible for maintenance and defense against foreign invaders. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents detrimental pathogens and potentially overreactive immune cells from entering the periphery. When the double-edged neuroinflammatory response is overloaded, it no longer has the protective function of promoting neuroregeneration. Notably, microbiota and its derivatives may emerge as pathogen-associated molecular patterns of brain pathology, causing microbiome-gut-brain axis dysregulation from the bottom-up. When dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal flora leads to subsequent alterations in BBB permeability, peripheral immune cells are recruited to the brain. This results in amplification of neuroinflammatory circuits in the brain, which eventually leads to specific neurological disorders. Aggressive treatment strategies for gastrointestinal disorders may protect against specific immune responses to gastrointestinal disorders, which can lead to potential protective effects in the CNS. Accordingly, this study investigated the mutual effects of microbiota and the gut-brain axis, which may provide targeting strategies for future disease treatment.

Automated summary

The central nervous system (CNS) acts as an immune privileged site, protected by specialized immune glial cells and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, neuroinflammatory responses, triggered by dysbiosis in the gut microbiota, can lead to alterations in BBB permeability, recruiting peripheral immune cells and amplifying neuroinflammatory circuits in the brain, thus causing specific neurological disorders. Aggressive treatment strategies for gastrointestinal disorders can potentially protect against immune responses and have protective effects in the CNS. This study investigates the mutual effects of microbiota and the gut-brain axis, providing potential targeting strategies for future disease treatment.