Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Relevant Role of the Theca and Granulosa Cells in the Pathogenesis of the Ovarian Dysfunction

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common heterogeneous endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. The pathogenesis of PCOS remains elusive; however, there is evidence suggesting the potential contribution of genetic interactions or predispositions combined with environmental factors. Among these, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been proposed to potentially contribute to the etiology of PCOS. Granulosa and theca cells are known to cooperate to maintain ovarian function, and any disturbance can lead to endocrine disorders, such as PCOS. This article provides a review of the recent knowledge on PCOS pathophysiology, the role of granulosa and theca cells in PCOS pathogenesis, and the evidence linking exposure to EDCs with reproductive disorders such as PCOS.

Automated summary

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, with complex and unclear pathogenesis possibly involving genetic and environmental factors, including endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Disruption of granulosa and theca cell interactions can lead to endocrine disorders like PCOS. This article reviews the pathophysiology of PCOS, the role of granulosa and theca cells in its development, and the evidence linking exposure to EDCs with reproductive disorders such as PCOS.