Recurrence and Mortality Risks in Patients with First Incident Acute Stroke or Myocardial Infarction: A Longitudinal Study Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service Database

Background: We aimed to identify the long-term risk of recurrence and mortality in patients who experienced acute ischemic stroke (AIS), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or acute hemorrhagic stroke (AHS) using a population-level database. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adults aged >= 55 years diagnosed with AIS, AMI, and AHS in the National Health Insurance Service Database between 2004 and 2007. The target outcomes were secondary AIS, AMI, AHS, and all-cause mortality. Predetermined covariates, such as age, sex, socioeconomic status, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, were adjusted. Results: We included 151,181, 49,077, and 41,636 patients in the AIS, AHS, and AMI groups, respectively. The AMI (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.318; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.306-0.330; p < 0.001) and AHS (aHR, 0.489; 95% CI, 0.472-0.506; p < 0.001) groups had a significantly lower risk of developing secondary AIS than the AIS group. The risk of developing secondary AMI was significantly lower in the AMI (aHR, 0.388; 95% CI, 0.348-0.433; p < 0.001) and AHS (aHR, 0.711; 95% CI, 0.640-0.790; p < 0.001) groups than in the AIS group. Initial AHS was a decisive risk factor for secondary AHS (aHR, 8.546; 95% CI, 8.218-8.887; p < 0.001). The AMI (aHR, 1.436; 95% CI, 1.412-1.461; p < 0.001) and AHS (aHR, 1.328; 95% CI, 1.309-1.348; p < 0.001) groups were associated with a significantly higher risk of long-term mortality than the AIS group. Conclusion: Our results elucidated that initial AIS was a significant risk factor for recurrent AIS and AMI; initial AHS was a decisive risk factor for developing secondary AHS. Further, AMI and AHS were more closely related to long-term mortality than AIS.

Automated summary

This study aimed to explore the long-term risk of recurrence and mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or acute hemorrhagic stroke (AHS). The results showed that the risk of developing secondary AIS was significantly lower in the AMI and AHS groups compared to the AIS group. The risk of developing secondary AMI was also significantly lower in the AMI and AHS groups compared to the AIS group. Initial AHS was a decisive risk factor for developing secondary AHS. Furthermore, AMI and AHS were more closely related to long-term mortality than AIS.