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Article
Clinical Neurology
Davide Martino et al.
Summary: There has been a significant increase in adolescents and young adults seeking urgent help for functional tic-like behaviors (FTLBs) between 2019 and 2022. An international collaborative group collected retrospective data to better understand this spectrum and its clinical differences from primary tic disorders. The study findings suggest that social media exposure may be a relevant contributing factor to FTLBs.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Sarah Buts et al.
Summary: The study found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in sudden onset tic-like movements in children and adolescents, particularly in females. Most patients had comorbid psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders such as anxiety. Therefore, further research is needed on the neurobiological basis of these presentations and effective therapeutic strategies.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kirsten R. Mueller-Vahl et al.
Summary: This article reports the first outbreak of a new type of mass sociogenic illness that is spread solely through social media. In Germany, the outbreak was initiated by a popular YouTube creator, and affected teenagers exhibit functional 'Tourette-like' behaviors distinct from Tourette syndrome.
Article
Pediatrics
Velda X. Han et al.
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in rapid onset functional tic-like behaviors in adolescent females. The functional tic group differs from chronic tic disorder/Tourette syndrome in terms of clinical features, such as later age of onset and higher rates of anxiety/depression. Some patients with functional tics reported exposure to social media content involving tics.
JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alonso Zea Vera et al.
Summary: Pediatricians and pediatric subspecialists have observed an increase in functional disorders with tic-like behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most TikTok videos under #tourettes depict atypical tic phenomenology that does not represent typical Tourette syndrome symptoms, suggesting a potential influence of social media on disease modeling.
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Megan Howlett et al.
Summary: This prospective study provides insights into the prognosis and treatment of rapid onset FTLBs. The results suggest that adolescents have a better prognosis compared to adults, and management of comorbidities with SSRIs and CBT appears to be effective.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mariam Hull et al.
Summary: Social media may contribute to the spread of functional neurologic symptom disorder in a way previously requiring physical proximity, as shown in a series involving six teenage girls presenting with tic-like movements.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Caroline Olvera et al.
Summary: This study compared TikTok tics to typical tic disorders, finding that TikTok tics are distinct from Tourette syndrome but share many characteristics with functional tics. The study highlights the importance of recognizing mass sociogenic illness in the modern social media environment.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Prateek Kumar Panda et al.
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, irritability, boredom, inattention, and fear of COVID-19 are common among children. The negative impact of the pandemic and quarantine on children's behavior/mental state is significant. Children with pre-existing behavioral issues like autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are at higher risk of worsening symptoms.
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Rob J. Forsyth
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2021)
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Isobel Heyman et al.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tamara Pringsheim et al.
Summary: Clinicians have observed an increase in functional tic-like behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in children and youth. This study describes the development of rapid-onset functional tic-like behaviors in adults between May 2020 and June 2021. These behaviors are characterized by a younger age of onset, higher severity and impairment scores, and a higher likelihood of complex motor and vocal tics, as well as coprolalia. Participants with rapid-onset tic-like behaviors also reported higher levels of mental health symptoms and were more likely to be diagnosed with depression. This subtype of functional neurological disorder appears to be strongly influenced by social factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tamara Pringsheim et al.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Theresa Paulus et al.
Summary: TLBs after social media exposure have distinct clinical features compared to Tourette's syndrome, including abrupt symptom onset, lack of spontaneous symptom fluctuations, symptom deterioration in the presence of others, and predominantly complex movements involving trunk/extremities, suggesting that these phenomena are categorically different conditions.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mariam Hull et al.
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant increase in the number of FMD patients at our tertiary care movement disorders centers, possibly due to increased psychological and other stressors.
NEUROLOGY-CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Jose Fidel Baizabal-Carvallo et al.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2019)
Article
Psychiatry
Christos Ganos et al.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2016)
Article
Clinical Neurology
B. Demartini et al.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2015)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jose Fidel Baizabal-Carvallo et al.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2014)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sangchoon Jeon et al.
CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS
(2013)
