Hydrothermal durability of unidirectional flax/carbon fiber hybrid composite plates

Hybrid carbon fiber/flax reinforced polymer composites (HFRPs) meet the requirements of high property to cost ratio for many structural applications. In the present study, HFRP plates produced with filament winding were studied on the property evolution subjected to 40 and 70 degrees C water immersion for eight-week. Water uptake and flexural properties of the HFRP samples were tested and analyzed in terms of the hybrid modes and fiber contents. The diffusion coefficient and equilibrium water absorption of fiber reinforced polymer composites increase and the performance deterioration intensifies with the increase in temperature. The equilibrium water absorption and the diffusion coefficient of the FFRPs are 7.6 and 3.8 times higher than those of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs), respectively. With the increase in the carbon fiber content, the hybrid samples showed a decrease in the water uptake and diffusion coefficient. HFRP with carbon fiber on the surface shows better hydrothermal resistance than other hybrid modes due to the barrier behavior of carbon fibers for water molecules. Fiber contents and hybrid modes also play a crucial role in the degradation of flexural properties. The flexural strength and modulus of HFRPs increase with increasing carbon fiber content but the nonlinear behavior becomes less obvious. The flexural strength and modulus of HFRPs with carbon fibers on the surfaces (CFC) are 3.59 and 7.96 times higher than those of the HFRP plates with flax on the surfaces (FCF) respectively. However, the significant water absorption in the flax layers deteriorates the stress transferring ability of the core flax layer, which causes the aging of CFC seriously.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Automated summary

Hybrid carbon fiber/flax reinforced polymer composites (HFRPs) are cost-effective materials for structural applications. This study investigated the property evolution of HFRP plates immersed in water at 40 and 70 degrees C for eight weeks. The water uptake and flexural properties of the HFRP samples were analyzed based on hybrid modes and fiber contents. The diffusion coefficient and equilibrium water absorption of HFRPs increased with temperature, and the deterioration of performance was more pronounced. HFRPs with carbon fibers on the surface showed better hydrothermal resistance and lower water absorption compared to other hybrid modes.