Highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on carbon paste electrode modified with graphene nanoribbon-CoFe2O4@NiO and ionic liquid for azithromycin antibiotic monitoring in biological and pharmaceutical samples

In this report, Azithromycin (Azi) antibiotic was measured by carbon paste electrode (CPE) improved by graphene nanoribbon-CoFe2O4@NiO nanocomposite and 1-hexyl-3 methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (HMIM PF6) as an ionic liquid binder. The electrochemical behavior of Azi on the graphene nanoribbon-CoFe2O4@NiO/HMIM PF6/CPE is investigated by voltammetric methods, and the results showed that the modifiers improve the conductivity and electrochemical activity of the CPE. According to obtained data, the electrochemical behavior of Azi is related to pH. under optimum conditions, the sensor has linear ranges from 10 mu M to 2 mM with a LOD of 0.66 mu M. The effect of scan rate and chronoamperometry were studied, which showed that the Azi electro-oxidation is diffusion controlled with the diffusion coefficient of 9.22 x 10(-6) cm(2)/s. The reproducibility (3.15%), repeatability (2.5%), selectivity, and stability (for 30 days) tests were investigated, which results were acceptable. The actual sample analysis confirmed that the proposed sensor is an appropriate electrochemical tool for Azi determination in urine and Azi capsule.

Automated summary

In this study, the electrochemical behavior of Azithromycin (Azi) antibiotic was investigated using a carbon paste electrode (CPE) improved by graphene nanoribbon-CoFe2O4@NiO nanocomposite and 1-hexyl-3 methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (HMIM PF6) as an ionic liquid binder. The results showed that the modifiers enhanced the conductivity and electrochemical activity of the CPE. Under optimal conditions, the sensor exhibited linear ranges from 10 μM to 2 mM with a LOD of 0.66 μM for Azi determination. The reproducibility (3.15%), repeatability (2.5%), selectivity, and stability (for 30 days) of the sensor were also confirmed.