Dysbiosis of gut microbiota and decreased propionic acid associated with metabolic abnormality in Cushing's syndrome

Article Nutrition & Dietetics

The Effects of High Fiber Rye, Compared to Refined Wheat, on Gut Microbiota Composition, Plasma Short Chain Fatty Acids, and Implications for Weight Loss and Metabolic Risk Factors (the RyeWeight Study)

Kia Nohr Iversen et al.

Summary: Consumption of whole grain and cereal fiber is inversely associated with body weight and obesity. Intake of high fiber rye foods can improve gut microbiota composition and reduce inflammation.

NUTRIENTS (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Gut dysbiosis promotes prostate cancer progression and docetaxel resistance via activating NF-kappa B-IL6-STAT3 axis

Weibo Zhong et al.

Summary: This study explores the link between gut dysbiosis and prostate cancer. The research found that disturbing the gut microbiota with antibiotics promoted tumor growth in mice, and this effect could be transmitted through fecal microbiota transplantation. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased after antibiotic exposure, leading to elevated gut permeability and intratumoral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. The activation of the NF-kappa B-IL6-STAT3 axis by intratumoral LPS facilitated prostate cancer proliferation and chemoresistance. Moreover, the enrichment of Proteobacteria was observed in patients with metastatic prostate cancer and positively correlated with disease progression. The results suggest that Proteobacteria may serve as an intestinal biomarker for progressive prostate cancer.

MICROBIOME (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Oral administration of Blautia wexlerae ameliorates obesity and type 2 diabetes via metabolic remodeling of the gut microbiota

Koji Hosomi et al.

Summary: The study shows that Blautia wexlerae is inversely associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and administration of B. wexlerae to mice decreases both high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes via modulating gut microbial metabolism. These findings reveal unique regulatory pathways of host and microbial metabolism that may provide novel strategies in preventive and therapeutic approaches for metabolic disorders.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Review Microbiology

Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease

Yong Fan et al.

Summary: The intestinal microbiota plays a significant role in human metabolic health, potentially contributing to the development of common metabolic disorders when dysregulated. Current research is shifting towards cause-and-effect studies and utilizing high-throughput human multi-omics data to identify potential molecular mechanisms behind these associations.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Gut Hormones in Health and Obesity: The Upcoming Role of Short Chain Fatty Acids

Habeeb Alhabeeb et al.

Summary: Global obesity rates have tripled since 1975, making it a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Urgent action is needed to develop more effective treatments and interventions for obesity.

NUTRIENTS (2021)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Trans-ethnic gut microbial signatures of prediabetic subjects from India and Denmark

Nishal Kumar Pinna et al.

Summary: The study identified distinct gut microbiome differences between individuals with normal blood sugar levels and those with prediabetes, with certain bacterial groups enriched in prediabetic individuals. Trans-ethnic gut microbiome and inflammation signatures associated with prediabetes were found in Indian and Danish populations, potentially serving as early indicators for individuals at risk of dysglycemia.

GENOME MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Consensus on diagnosis and management of Cushing's disease: a guideline update

Maria Fleseriu et al.

Summary: Cushing's disease requires accurate diagnosis, careful treatment selection, and long-term management. The Pituitary Society convened a consensus workshop to discuss recent evidence and clinical practice. Recommendations regarding lab tests, imaging, and treatment options were collated and discussed, with focus on future research topics.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Integrative Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites in Rats after Prednisone Treatment

Jing Zhang et al.

Summary: The study showed that long-term prednisone therapy altered the composition of the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in rats, with significant changes in relative abundances of certain genera and metabolic pathways.

MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

The gut microbiota and its products: Establishing causal relationships with obesity related outcomes

Lili Li et al.

Summary: Gut microorganisms play a role in human metabolism and are connected to obesity, interacting with the host through the influence of microbial metabolites.

OBESITY REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Conversion of dietary inositol into propionate and acetate by commensal Anaerostipes associates with host health

Thi Phuong Nam Bui et al.

Summary: The authors report an anaerobic metabolic pathway in dominant gut butyrogen Anaerostipes, showing strains capable of producing propionate from dietary myo-inositol associated with reduced fasting-glucose levels in mice. They elucidate the inositol conversion to propionate mechanism, identifying propionate-production gene clusters inversely associated with metabolic biomarkers in (pre)diabetes cohorts. Co-administration of myo-inositol with live A. rhamnosivorans in western-diet fed mice reduced fasting-glucose levels compared to heat-killed A. rhamnosivorans.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Metabolic endotoxemia is dictated by the type of lipopolysaccharide

Fernando F. Anhe et al.

Summary: The study reveals that E. coli LPS impairs gut barrier function, leading to dysglycemia and adipose inflammation, while R. sphaeroides LPS promotes beneficial effects on glucose metabolism. The characteristics of LPS, such as lipid A acylation, play a critical role in determining the impact of metabolic endotoxemia.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Article Immunology

Propionic Acid Rescues High-Fat Diet Enhanced Immunopathology in Autoimmunity via Effects on Th17 Responses

Stefanie Haase et al.

Summary: High-fat diets are linked to obesity and autoimmune diseases, with short-chain fatty acid propionate showing potential in counteracting the pro-inflammatory state induced by high-fat diets. By enhancing regulatory T cell functionality, propionate can prevent disease progression.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids attenuate hyperglycemia through the microbiome-gut-organs axis in db/db mice

Pan Zhuang et al.

Summary: The study found that DHA and EPA can significantly alleviate hyperglycemia and insulin resistance by altering the gut microbiome and metabolites, thereby improving symptoms of diabetes, with EPA showing a more pronounced effect.

MICROBIOME (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism