期刊
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
卷 13, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945762
关键词
lymphocytes; sex; sex-bias; T cells; B cells; estrogen; testosterone
类别
资金
- Academy of Medical Sciences Springboard Award [SBF006\1165]
- Asthma Lung UK [RP22F\6]
- University of Manchester Presidential Fellowship
- Myaware
- Neuromuscular Study Group
- Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust
- Manchester Myasthenia Gravis Research Fund (NorthCare Charity Fund) [CS2041]
Autoimmune diseases show significant sex dimorphism, with women being more susceptible. This is partly caused by complex interactions between sex hormones and sex chromosomes, as well as sociological factors, diet, and gut microbiota.
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by a significant sex dimorphism, with women showing increased susceptibility to disease. This is, at least in part, due to sex-dependent differences in the immune system that are influenced by the complex interplay between sex hormones and sex chromosomes, with contribution from sociological factors, diet and gut microbiota. Sex differences are evident in the number and function of lymphocyte populations. Women mount a stronger pro-inflammatory response than males, with increased lymphocyte proliferation, activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, whereas men display expanded regulatory cell subsets. Ageing alters the immune landscape of men and women in differing ways, resulting in changes in autoimmune disease susceptibility. Here we review the current literature on sex differences in lymphocyte function, the factors that influence this, and the implications for autoimmune disease. We propose that improved understanding of sex bias in lymphocyte function can provide sex-specific tailoring of treatment strategies for better management of autoimmune diseases.
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