Retrospective analysis on the immunopotentiating mechanism of an emulsion-based vaccine adjuvant on human antigen presenting cells

We retrospectively analyzed the immunopotentiating mechanism of an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion-based vaccine adjuvant LiteVax (TM) Adjuvant (LVA) that contains CMS (Maltose 4'-monosulphate 1,2,3,6,2',3',6'-heptadecanoic acid ester), squalane, Tween 80 in phosphate buffered saline. Despite being effective in animal models, the immunological mechanisms by which LVA exerts adjuvant function are not known. As dendritic cells (DC) are key for initiating and propagating the immune response, we have investigated the effect of LVA and of its components on the DC function. We show that CMS but not LVA significantly enhances the expression of DC activation-associated markers, cytokine secretion, and CD4(+) T cell responses. On the other hand, CMS ZERO [non-sulphated sucrose fatty acid esters (ZERO)], used as a control, had no such activity. Our data identified the unique nature of CMS in LVA, and propose that LVA acts as a delivery system, and CMS acts as an immunostimulatory agent.

Automated summary

In this study, the immunopotentiating mechanism of an oil-in-water emulsion-based vaccine adjuvant called LiteVax Adjuvant (LVA) was analyzed. The researchers investigated the effect of LVA and its components on the function of dendritic cells (DC), which play a crucial role in the immune response. They found that the component CMS significantly enhanced DC activation markers, cytokine secretion, and CD4(+) T cell responses. This study identified the unique role of CMS in LVA and proposed that LVA acts as a delivery system while CMS acts as an immunostimulatory agent.