Hybrid aqueous battery based on Na3V2(PO4)3/C cathode and zinc anode for potential large-scale energy storage

A hybrid aqueous rechargeable battery with Na3V2(PO4)(3) as cathode and metal Zn as anode has been proposed. Na3V2(PO4)(3) is co-incorporated by carbon and reduced graphene oxide. The battery delivers a capacity of 92 mAh g(-1) at a current density of 50 mA g(-1) with a high and flat operating voltage of 1.42 V. It exhibits a capacity of 60 mAh g(-1) at a high current density of 2000 mA g(-1), indicative of excellent rate capability. Such inexpensive and safe battery shows an energy density as high as 112 Wh kg(-1) demonstrating that it is potential for future application in large-scale energy storage. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.