High power layered titanate nano-sheets as pseudocapacitive lithium-ion battery anodes

Ultra-thin layered sodium titanate nano-sheets were synthesised using a continuous hydrothermal flow process and the as-prepared materials were investigated as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. In comparison to previous studies on similar materials, the layered titanates herein showed high electrochemical activity at lower potentials. Cyclic voltammetry measurements in the potential range of 0.05 -2.1 V vs. Li/Li+, revealed that charge storage occurred from both lithium-ion intercalation as well as pseudocapacitive surface chemical processes. During electrochemical cycling tests, a high specific current of 0.5 A g(-1) was applied and the cells achieved a stable specific capacity of ca. 120 mAh g(-1) for over 1200 cycles. Even at an applied current of 10 A g(-1), the electrode material delivered a stable specific capacity of 38 mAh g(-1), which suggests that this material may be suitable for high power applications. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.