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Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mohammad Reza Zinatizadeh et al.
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has had a devastating impact globally. Variants of concern (VoCs) and variants of interest (VoIs) have been identified, with mutations in RBD and NTD found in various strains. Vaccine developments and mass immunization efforts have progressed significantly, but the emergence of multiple variants poses new challenges in controlling the pandemic.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Davide Firinu et al.
Summary: The study found that patients with IMIDs have significantly reduced humoral immune response after receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine, especially those treated with anti-CD20 drugs. At T2, IMID patients had lower IgG levels compared to the HCW group, but there was no significant difference at T3. Age and the disease itself were correlated with immune response after vaccination, while treatment did not have a significant impact except for anti-CD20 drugs.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Jiahui Chen et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused global panic due to its high infectivity and ability to escape vaccines. A comprehensive analysis using an artificial intelligence model and antibody structure analysis reveals that Omicron may be over 10 times more contagious than the original virus and has an 88% likelihood of vaccine escape. This study highlights the importance of developing mutation-proof vaccines and antibodies.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING
(2022)
Review
Virology
Ronak Rashedi et al.
Summary: The search for effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 began during the COVID-19 pandemic, with full vaccination considered essential to overcoming the crisis. Challenges have included adverse reactions leading to vaccine discontinuation in some countries, difficulties in vaccine supply in poorer regions, and reduced effectiveness due to new variants. The mix-and-match strategy of using heterologous vaccines may offer a solution by improving immune response and addressing shortages.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aris Katzourakis
Summary: This article highlights the dangers of overly optimistic assumptions on public health and urges policymakers to take immediate action in shaping the future.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nick Andrews et al.
Summary: A study conducted in England showed that vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 provide high protection against hospitalization and death from Covid-19 at 20 weeks or more after vaccination. However, the effectiveness of the vaccines decreases over time, especially in individuals aged 65 and older and those with underlying risk factors.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jill M. Ferdinands et al.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Stefan Pilz et al.
Summary: Seroprevalence surveys indicate that a significant proportion of the global population has been infected with SARS-CoV-2, and natural immunity plays a crucial role in protecting against reinfections and severe disease. National surveys show that previous infection provides a reduced risk of reinfection for at least one year, with moderate waning immunity. Natural immunity appears to have similar effectiveness against different SARS-CoV-2 variants, except for the Omicron variant which requires further study. Observational studies suggest that natural immunity may provide equal or greater protection compared to two doses of mRNA vaccines, although data are not consistent. Combining previous infection with vaccination seems to offer the greatest protection against SARS-CoV-2, but there are still knowledge gaps in this area.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Halane Vaillant-Roussel et al.
EXERCER-LA REVUE FRANCOPHONE DE MEDECINE GENERALE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yinon M. Bar-On et al.
Summary: After administering the fourth dose of BNT162b2 vaccine to individuals aged 60 years and older during the period when the omicron variant was predominant, Israel observed lower rates of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe Covid-19 compared to those who received only three doses. The protection against severe illness remained consistent, while the protection against confirmed infection decreased over time.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Manojit Bhattacharya et al.
Summary: Hybrid immunity, achieved through a combination of natural and vaccine immunity, provides significantly higher antibody responses compared to single immunity methods. Studies have shown that hybrid immunity produces antibody responses 25 to 100 times higher than natural and vaccine-induced immunity alone. Data from India, where a large portion of the population has recovered from SARS-CoV-2 and received at least one dose of the vaccine, suggests that hybrid immunity may be a major factor in the milder third wave of infections.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joseph A. Lewnard et al.
Summary: Comparison of outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron infections reveals reduced severity of Omicron infections, especially in unvaccinated individuals. There is no differential risk of severe outcomes between subvariants BA.1 and BA.2. Continual assessment of clinical outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 variants is crucial for medical interventions and healthcare resource management.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Heba N. Altarawneh et al.
Summary: An analysis of data from Qatar showed that previous infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity all demonstrated effectiveness in protecting against symptomatic Covid-19 caused by the BA.1 and BA.2 sublineages of the Omicron variant.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel R. Feikin et al.
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the duration of protection provided by COVID-19 vaccines against various clinical outcomes. The findings indicate that the effectiveness or efficacy of the vaccines decreased from 1 to 6 months after full vaccination, but remained high against severe disease. Evaluating the effectiveness or efficacy of vaccines beyond 6 months is crucial for updating vaccine policies.
Review
Virology
Benjamin Gallo Marin et al.
Summary: The severity and mortality of COVID-19 may be associated with patient age, multiple comorbidities, hypoxia, extensive lung involvement on CT scans, laboratory abnormalities, and biomarkers of end-organ dysfunction.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bart G. Pijls et al.
Summary: A systematic review and meta-analysis showed that men and patients aged 70 and above have a higher risk for COVID-19 infection, severe disease, ICU admission, and death. The study included 59 studies comprising 36,470 patients, with men having a higher risk for infection and severe disease, while patients aged 70 and above having a higher risk for all outcomes once infected.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sara Y. Tartof et al.
Summary: This study aimed to assess the overall and variant-specific effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19-related hospital admissions among members of a healthcare system in California. The effectiveness of the vaccine remained high against hospital admissions even up to 6 months after full vaccination, despite a decline in effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infections over time, which was likely due to waning immunity rather than the delta variant escaping vaccine protection.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Noam Barda et al.
Summary: A study using data from Israel's largest health-care organization showed that a third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine is effective in preventing individuals from severe COVID-19-related outcomes, compared to receiving only two doses at least 5 months ago. The effectiveness of the third dose in preventing hospital admission was 93%, severe disease 92%, and COVID-19-related death 81%.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Einav G. Levin et al.
Summary: A study in Israel revealed that waning immunity after receiving two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine led to an increase in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Levels of spike-binding IgG and neutralizing antibodies decreased more significantly in men, individuals aged 65 or older, and immunosuppressed individuals in a longitudinal study involving nearly 4000 healthcare workers.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ravindra K. Gupta et al.
Review
Immunology
Nan-Chang Chiu et al.
Summary: The study showed that heterologous administration of a BNT162b2 boost in ChAdOx1-primed participants demonstrated robust immunogenicity and tolerable reactogenicity, along with stronger T cell responses. It suggests that heterologous vaccination is a viable strategy to combat COVID-19, but further research is needed to confirm its benefits and determine the optimal combinations, doses, and intervals.
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
H. M. El Sahly et al.
Summary: The mRNA-1273 vaccine demonstrated high efficacy in preventing COVID-19 illness and severe disease, with more than 5 months of protection and a good safety profile, including protection against asymptomatic infection.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Alessia Bignucolo et al.
Summary: A systematic review and meta-analysis on COVID-19 vaccines investigated the influence of sex on vaccine efficacy, finding that men had significantly higher efficacy compared to women in the vaccine group, while women showed increased toxicity. These findings highlight the importance of considering sex as a core variable in the design of clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccines.
