Integration of Energy Simulations and Life Cycle Assessment in Building Refurbishment: An Affordability Comparison of Thermal Insulation Materials through a New Sustainability Index

Energy efficiency and greenhouse gas reduction have become two of the most important issues to address in fighting climate change. Focused strategies have been implemented aiming at reducing the energy consumption of buildings since it is one of the most energy-intensive sectors, but they are mainly concerned with energy reduction without considering their environmental impact. The present work therefore aims at assessing the energy and environmental impacts of the use of insulation materials for building envelope refurbishment as the thermal coating. Reference buildings were used to perform energy simulations in representative cities of Italy and energy and environmental impacts of the most common and sustainable insulation materials were thus evaluated. Relevant outcomes have been focused on defining a new Economic and Environmental Sustainability Index (EESI) capable of considering both economic and environmental aspects; particularly, sustainable materials (such as cellulose fiber) can have the same affordability as traditional ones (such as polystyrene foam slab, glass wool, or stone wool) if environmental impact is also taken into account, despite their higher cost. However, according to EESI, the affordability of traditional insulation materials remains evident in the warmest climatic zones because of the lower energy needs of buildings.

Automated summary

Energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions are two crucial issues in fighting climate change. Current strategies for reducing building energy consumption mainly focus on energy reduction without considering environmental impact. This study assesses the energy and environmental impacts of insulation materials for building envelope refurbishment, and introduces a new Economic and Environmental Sustainability Index (EESI) that considers both economic and environmental aspects. The research shows that sustainable insulation materials can be as affordable as traditional ones when considering their environmental impact, despite their higher initial cost.