Studying Driver's Perception Arousal and Takeover Performance in Autonomous Driving

The driver's perception level and takeover performance are two major factors that result in accidents in autonomous vehicles. This study's goal is to analyze the change in drivers' perception level and its influence on takeover performance during autonomous driving. A takeover behavior test platform is implemented based on a high-fidelity driving simulator. The fog zone is selected as the takeover scenario. Thus, a 2 (takeover request time: 5 s, 10 s) by 2 (non-driving-related task: work task, entertainment task) takeover experiment was conducted. A generalized linear mixed model is developed to explore the influence of the perception level on takeover performance. The study finds out that, after the takeover request is triggered, the driver's gaze duration is shortened and the pupil area is enlarged, which is helpful for the driver to extract and understand the road information faster. Male drivers have greater perception levels than female drivers, and they prioritize leisure tasks more than professional ones. The drivers' perception level decreases when age increases. The shorter the gaze duration is, and the larger the pupil area is, the shorter the takeover response time will be. In addition, drivers' perception level has a positive effect on takeover performance. Finally, this study provides a reference for revealing the changing rules of drivers' perception level in autonomous driving, and the study can provide support for the diagnosis of takeover risks of autonomous vehicles from the perspective of human factors.

Automated summary

This study analyzes the change in drivers' perception level and its influence on takeover performance in autonomous driving. It finds that after a takeover request, the driver's gaze duration is shortened and pupil area is enlarged, which helps in quicker extraction and understanding of road information. Male drivers have higher perception levels and prioritize leisure tasks. Age is found to decrease drivers' perception level. Shorter gaze duration and larger pupil area lead to shorter takeover response time. Drivers' perception level has a positive effect on takeover performance.