Gibberellin delays metabolic shift during tomato ripening by inducing auxin signaling

Fruit ripening involves the dynamic interaction of phytohormones. Ethylene (ET) and gibberellin (GA) antagonistically affect fruit ripening. However, the mechanism of GA and its potential interaction with ET during fruit ripening remain unknown. To identify the potential molecular mechanism of ET and GA interplay in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit ripening, transcriptome and metabolomic profiling was carried out in tomato fruit treated with GA, ET or the combination of the two hormones (GA+ET). ET accelerated fruit ripening with the simultaneous repression of auxin signaling. In contrast, gibberellin delayed ripening by the upregulation of auxin signaling. ET signaling and response was inhibited by GA or combined with ET. At the metabolite level, while GA treatment inhibited metabolite shift during ripening, ET treatment promoted. In the combined hormone treatment, ET reduced or recovered GA inhibitory effect on specific metabolites. This study provided insight into ET and GA interaction, highlighting the importance of auxin signaling in metabolic shifts during tomato ripening progression.

Automated summary

The interaction between ethylene (ET) and gibberellin (GA) in tomato fruit ripening remains unknown. This study investigated the potential molecular mechanism of ET and GA interplay in tomato fruit ripening using transcriptome and metabolomic profiling. The results showed that ET accelerated fruit ripening and suppressed auxin signaling, while GA delayed ripening and upregulated auxin signaling. ET signaling and response were inhibited by GA or combined with ET. The study also highlighted the importance of auxin signaling in metabolic shifts during tomato ripening progression.