4.7 Review

Current trends and insights on EMS mutagenesis application to studies on plant abiotic stress tolerance and development

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Article Biology

Induced variations by gamma radiation and EMS on the agronomic traits, essential oil yield with its quality and their exploitation in Java citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt)

Sunita Munda et al.

Summary: In this study, gamma rays and EMS treatment were used to successfully create superior progenies with desired characteristics in Cymbopogon winterianus. The 0.20% EMS treatment significantly improved economic features, while gamma radiation at 100 Gy produced the highest essential oil yield, which is a highly desirable characteristic in breeding this plant.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Construction of a high-density mutant population of Chinese cabbage facilitates the genetic dissection of agronomic traits

Xiaoxue Sun et al.

Summary: By utilizing a large-scale EMS mutant collection of Chinese cabbage, we successfully identified genes associated with yellow leaf mutant traits and variations in glucosinolate content, and established the Chinese cabbage EMS mutation database. This will facilitate gene mining of Chinese cabbage and the study of other Brassica crops.

MOLECULAR PLANT (2022)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Pyramiding novel EMS-generated mutant alleles to improve fiber quality components of elite upland cotton germplasm

Jinesh Patel et al.

Summary: This study improved cotton fiber quality by using chemically induced mutants, enhancing traits such as fiber length, strength, and uniformity. The mutants showed potential for fiber quality beyond the levels of current elite varieties.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2022)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

In vitro mutagenesis of Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivars using ethylmethanesulphonate (EMS) and mutation assessment by ISSR and IRAP markers

Fardin Nasri et al.

Summary: The study focused on mutagenesis of chrysanthemum cultivars using EMS as mutagen, resulting in a total of 2082 plantlets and 58 mutants with phenotypic and molecular variations. ISSR and IRAP markers successfully classified the mutants and their relationship with mother plants, demonstrating the effectiveness of in vitro EMS-induced mutation for breeding new chrysanthemum cultivars.

PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE (2022)

Review Plant Sciences

Plant Salinity Stress Response and Nano-Enabled Plant Salt Tolerance

Zengqiang Li et al.

Summary: This article discusses the mechanisms of nano-enabled plant salt tolerance, such as regulating oxidative stress and maintaining ion homeostasis, and explores the possible roles of plant hormones and molecular mechanisms.

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A telomere-to-telomere gap-free reference genome of watermelon and its mutation library provide important resources for gene discovery and breeding

Yun Deng et al.

Summary: This study presents the assembly of a high-quality, gap-free watermelon G42 genome, including complete chromosomes, protein-coding genes, and telomeres. A pollen-EMS mutagenesis protocol was established, producing a large number of mutations seeds, which are valuable for functional genomics and genetic improvement.

MOLECULAR PLANT (2022)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Rich variant phenotype of Gossypium hirsutum L. saturated mutant library provides resources for cotton functional genomics and breeding*

Yunxiao Wei et al.

Summary: This study used EMS to mutagenize upland cotton and obtained a mutant library with abundant mutations and phenotypes. Genome-wide analysis and functional analysis revealed the mutated genes and pathways in the library, providing abundant resources for cotton breeding and functional genomics research.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2022)

Article Food Science & Technology

Morphological, molecular and phytochemical variations induced by colchicine and EMS chemical mutagens in Crocus sativus L.

Negin Samadi et al.

Summary: The study investigated the effects of colchicine and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagens on inducing new variations in Crocus sativus L. The results suggest the potential of mutagens in creating new variations in the plant.

FOOD CHEMISTRY: MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

Article Agronomy

Identification and molecular characterization of novel Rht-1 alleles in hard red spring wheat

Emma M. Jobson et al.

Summary: The introduction of semidwarfing alleles Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b significantly increased wheat yields, but may lead to issues such as decreased grain protein content. In addition, there is limited allelic diversity available to wheat breeders beyond Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b.

CROP SCIENCE (2021)

Article Biology

Early flowering, good grain quality mutants through gamma rays and EMS for enhancing per day productivity in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Vinithashri Gautam et al.

Summary: The study successfully induced early maturing mutants in popular rice variety Bapatla 2231 (BPT 2231) using gamma rays and Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) treatment combinations. Combination treatments showed higher mutation frequency and efficiency than individual treatments, resulting in 34 early maturing mutants with variation for grain quality and biochemical traits. The early maturing mutants can potentially contribute to rice crop improvement through hybridization and heterosis breeding programs.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Characterization and fine mapping of a new dwarf mutant in Brassica napus

Xin Li et al.

Summary: In this study, a dwarf mutant of rapeseed named bnd2 was isolated using EMS mutagenesis. The mutant exhibited reduced plant height and was found to be a recessive mutation of a single locus. Through fine mapping, the candidate gene BnaA08g20960D was identified in a 140-Kb interval, potentially useful for breeding lodging resistant and high yield rapeseed.

BMC PLANT BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Genomic background selection to reduce the mutation load after random mutagenesis

Nirosha L. Karunarathna et al.

Summary: Random mutagenesis is commonly used to increase allelic variation in crop species, but high background mutation load poses challenges for functional analysis. Genomic background selection combined with marker-assisted selection can help reduce background mutations and expedite breeding by saving backcross generations. Using spring rapeseed as the recurrent parent in a breeding program can further accelerate the generation cycle.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Investigation effect of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) on some of morphophysiological and phytochemical traits of fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

Reza Ashrafi Parchin et al.

Summary: The application of different concentrations of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) can significantly impact the characteristics of fenugreek seeds, increasing plant diversity and the content of secondary metabolites.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Regulation of Plant Responses to Salt Stress

Shuangshuang Zhao et al.

Summary: Plants adapt to high-salt environments by regulating ion balance, activating osmotic stress pathways, mediating plant hormone signaling, and adjusting cytoskeleton dynamics and cell wall composition in response to salt stress signals. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for improving agricultural crop yields.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

Novel Mutation in the Acetohydroxyacid Synthase (AHAS), Gene Confers Imidazolinone Resistance in Chickpea Cicer arietinum L. Plants

Shmuel Galili et al.

Summary: Chickpea is an important crop in Israel, but sensitive to imidazolinone herbicides. A chickpea line resistant to these herbicides was developed using chemical mutagenesis, with a point mutation detected in one of the genes encoding the AHAS catalytic subunit. The mutation provided resistance to a specific group of herbicides and showed single-gene semi-dominant inheritance pattern, as confirmed by genetic transformation in tobacco plants.

PLANTS-BASEL (2021)

Article Horticulture

A single SNP in Brcer1 results in wax deficiency in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis)

Chuanhong Liu et al.

Summary: In this study, a wax deficiency mutant cer1 was obtained from Chinese cabbage, with genetic analysis revealing that the phenotype was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. The potential causal gene was identified as BraA09g066480.3C, which encodes aldehyde decarboxylase. The study shows that SNP can be effectively used for marker-assisted selection of wax deficient Chinese cabbage, facilitating the breeding of new varieties with this desirable trait.

SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

The Genome-Wide EMS Mutagenesis Bias Correlates With Sequence Context and Chromatin Structure in Rice

Wei Yan et al.

Summary: By investigating 52 rice EMS mutants, it was found that EMS exhibits a preference for G/C sites with higher GC contents in flanking sequences. The composition of local dinucleotides and trinucleotides is also associated with the efficiency of EMS mutagenesis.

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2021)

Article Genetics & Heredity

Discovery and Characterization of a Novel Tomato mlo Mutant from an EMS Mutagenized Micro-Tom Population

Zhe Yan et al.

Summary: Three SlMLO genes in tomato act as susceptibility genes for powdery mildew, with SlMLO1 playing a major role due to a natural mutant allele ol-2. A novel allele m200 was identified in the SlMLO1 gene, conferring profound resistance to powdery mildew. The mutant allele carries a point mutation resulting in premature stop codon, providing a valuable genetic resource for powdery mildew resistance breeding.
Article Plant Sciences

E183K Mutation in Chalcone Synthase C2 Causes Protein Aggregation and Maize Colorless

Haixiao Dong et al.

Summary: A novel colorless maize mutant was identified and characterized, showing reduced pigmentation throughout its life cycle. The E183K mutation in maize chalcone synthase C2 was identified as the causal mutation for the colorless phenotype. This mutation led to protein aggregation of chalcone synthase, providing insight into protein aggregation in plants.

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

A Novel Banana Mutant RF 1 (Musa spp. ABB, Pisang Awak Subgroup) for Improved Agronomic Traits and Enhanced Cold Tolerance and Disease Resistance

Xiaoyi Wang et al.

Summary: This study identified a stably inherited mutant RF1 with a semi-dwarfing phenotype through EMS mutagenesis in combination with the FJ cultivar, demonstrating the power of genetic strategy in fruit crop breeding and providing insight into improving agronomic traits in bananas and beyond.

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE (2021)

Article Agronomy

Identification of a locus associated with genic male sterility in maize via EMS mutagenesis and bulked-segregant RNA-seq

Zi Shi et al.

Summary: In this study, a recessive male-sterile maize mutant was generated in the Jing 724 genetic background via ethyl methane-sulfonate treatment. Bulk-segregant RNA sequencing identified a genomic region at the end of chromosome 4 associated with the mutant phenotype, with the bHLH transcription factor gene Zm00001d053895 (bHLH51) showing abolished expression in the sterile bulks. The exclusive correlation of male sterility with a single C-to-T mutation in the fifth exon was further validated, providing novel genetic material for investigating tapetal development in maize.

CROP JOURNAL (2021)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Development of EMS-induced Mutagenized Groundnut Population and Discovery of Point Mutations in the ahFAD2 and Ara h 1 Genes by TILLING

Kursat Karaman et al.

Summary: Reducing allergenicity and increasing oleic content are important goals in groundnut breeding studies. A mutant population induced by EMS was generated to alter functional properties of major allergen gene Ara h 1 and oleic acid converting gene FAD2 in tetraploid groundnut through TILLING approach.

JOURNAL OF OLEO SCIENCE (2021)

Article Agronomy

Generation of a series of mutant lines resistant to imidazolinone by screening an EMS-based mutant library in common wheat

Zhuo Chen et al.

Summary: The breeding of herbicide-resistant wheat varieties has effectively controlled weeds in wheat fields. IMI herbicides are popular due to their low toxicity, effectiveness at small doses, and broad-spectrum herbicidal action. Isolation and genetic screening of IMI-resistant wheat mutants have enhanced weed management. Further analysis of mutated genes indicated a dose-dependent effect of TaALS mutation on IMI resistance.

CROP JOURNAL (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Impact of chemical mutagenesis using ethyl methane sulphonate on tepary bean seedling vigour and adult plant performance

Andries Thangwana et al.

Summary: Chemical mutagenesis with EMS can induce genotypic variation and desirable agronomic traits in tepary bean, broadening the genetic base of the crop. Under field conditions, all factors influence plant performance.

HELIYON (2021)

Review Environmental Sciences

The mutagenesis moonshot: The propitious beginnings of the environmental mutagenesis and genomics society

David M. DeMarini

ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS (2020)

Review Plant Sciences

Salt Tolerance Mechanisms of Plants

Eva van Zelm et al.

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Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stresses

Maria-Cecilia D. Costa et al.

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Seed oil content and fatty acid composition response to ethyl methanesulphonate mutagenesis in vernonia

Sandile Hadebe et al.

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Thamalampudi Venkata Reddy et al.

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AJ Slade et al.

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