Advances in the Role of Sodium Hypochlorite Irrigant in Chemical Preparation of Root Canal Treatment

Irrigation of root canal system is of great significance to the success of endodontic treatment, where sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most widely used irrigant in chemical preparation. NaOCl functions by eliminating bacterial biofilms and dissolving organic tissue, which may vary according to several factors such as the microbiology of root canal infection and the concentration of the irrigant. It has been proposed that the effectiveness of NaOCl could be enhanced via several methods, including heating the irrigant, applying in conjunction with certain reagents, or activating by agitation techniques. Despite its antibacterial and tissue-dissolving capacities, NaOCl should be used with caution to avoid detrimental effect due to its cytotoxicity and negative effect on dentin properties. In this narrative review, we discussed the factors that affect the properties of NaOCl, the methods to improve its efficacy, and the side effects that might occur in clinical practice.

Automated summary

Irrigation of root canal system is vital for successful endodontic treatment, with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) being the most widely used irrigant. NaOCl functions by eliminating bacterial biofilms and dissolving organic tissue, but its effectiveness may vary due to factors such as root canal microbiology and irrigant concentration. Enhancing the efficacy of NaOCl can be achieved through heating, combination with certain reagents, or activation techniques. However, caution is needed to avoid cytotoxicity and negative effects on dentin properties. This narrative review discusses factors affecting NaOCl properties, methods to improve its efficacy, and potential side effects in clinical practice.