期刊
ANDROLOGY
卷 -, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/andr.13404
关键词
comorbidity; cryptorchidism; hypospadias
类别
Using data from the IBM MarketScan Research database, this study found a potential association between paternal health, including metabolic syndrome, and male genital malformations in offspring. Specifically, fathers with multiple components of metabolic syndrome were observed to have an increased risk of having sons born with hypospadias.
ObjectiveTo investigate the potential association between paternal health and male genital malformations in the offspring. Materials and methodsWe analyzed data from 2007 to 2016 derived from the IBM MarketScan Research database, which reports on reimbursed private healthcare claims in the United States. The association between paternal comorbidities (defined as individual and combined measures) and genital malformations in male offspring was analyzed. ResultsOf 376,362 male births, 22% of fathers had at least one component of metabolic syndrome (>= 1) prior to conception. Totals of 2880 cases of cryptorchidism (0.77%) and 2651 cases of hypospadias (0.70%) were identified at birth. While 0.76% of sons born to fathers with no metabolic syndrome components were diagnosed with cryptorchidism, 0.82% of sons with fathers with multiple metabolic syndrome components had cryptorchidism. Similarly, 0.69% versus 0.88% of sons had hypospadias when fathers had 0 or 2+ components of metabolic syndrome. After adjusting for maternal and paternal factors, the odds of a son being diagnosed with hypospadias increased with two or more paternal metabolic syndrome components (Odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.27 [1.10-1.47]). Specific components of paternal metabolic syndrome were not generally more associated with a son's genital malformations. When we performed a subgroup analysis where genital malformations were defined based on surgical correction, the association with hypospadias persisted. ConclusionsFathers with multiple components of metabolic syndrome in the preconception period were observed to be at increased risk for having sons born with hypospadias. The results support the association between a man's andrological and overall health.
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