Enzymatically-Crosslinked Gelatin Hydrogels with Nanostructured Architecture and Self-Healing Performance for Potential Use as Wound Dressings

Development of natural protein-based hydrogels with self-healing performance and tunable physical properties has attracted increased attention owing to their wide potential not only in the pharmaceutical field, but also in wounds management. This work reports the development of a versatile hydrogel based on enzymatically-crosslinked gelatin and nanogels loaded with amoxicillin (Amox), an antibiotic used in wound infections. The transglutaminase (TGase)-crosslinked hydrogels and encapsulating nanogels were formed rapidly through enzymatic crosslinking and self-assembly interactions in mild conditions. The nanogels formed through the self-assemble of maleoyl-chitosan (MAC5) and polyaspartic acid (PAS) may have positive influence on the self-healing capacity and drug distribution within the hydrogel network through the interactions established between gelatin and gel-like nanocarriers. The physicochemical properties of the enzymatically-crosslinked hydrogels, such as internal structure, swelling and degradation behavior, were studied. In addition, the Amox release studies indicated a rapid release when the pH of the medium decreased, which represents a favorable characteristic for use in the healing of infected wounds. It was further observed through the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility assays that the optimized scaffolds have great potential to be used as wound dressings.

Automated summary

Development of a versatile hydrogel based on enzymatically-crosslinked gelatin and nanogels loaded with amoxicillin (Amox) is reported, demonstrating self-healing performance and tunable physical properties. The nanogels formed through self-assembly interactions contribute to the self-healing capacity and drug distribution within the hydrogel network. The physicochemical properties and drug release behavior of the hydrogels were studied, showing rapid release of amoxicillin in acidic conditions, indicating favorable characteristics for wound healing. In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility assays showed the potential of the optimized scaffolds as wound dressings.