Malignant gliomas are aggressive brain tumors infiltrated by myeloid cells, including microglia and monocytes/macrophages, which support tumor progression. Using CITE-seq, we identified cell diversity and functionalities in murine gliomas. Glioma-activated microglia are major cytokine sources and BM-derived cells transition to tumor-supportive macrophages. We also found sex-dependent differences in myeloid cell programs and composition in murine and human glioblastomas.
Malignant gliomas are aggressive, hard-to-treat brain tumors. Their tumor microenvironment is massively infiltrated by myeloid cells, mostly brain-resident microglia, bone marrow (BM)-derived monocytes/macro-phages, and dendritic cells that support tumor progression. Single-cell omics studies significantly dissected immune cell heterogeneity, but dynamics and specific functions of individual subpopulations were poorly recognized. We use Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) to precisely dissect myeloid cell identities and functionalities in murine GL261 gliomas. We demonstrate that the diversity of myeloid cells infiltrating gliomas is dictated by cell type and cell state. Glioma-activated microglia are the major source of cytokines attracting other immune cells, whereas BM-derived cells show the monocyte-to-macrophage transition in the glioma microenvironment. This transition is coupled with a phenotypic switch from the IFN-related to antigen-presentation and tumor-supportive gene expression. Moreover, we found sex-dependent differences in transcriptional programs and composition of myeloid cells in murine and human glioblastomas.
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