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Letter
Infectious Diseases
Ryuta Uraki et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qian Wang et al.
Summary: The BQ and XBB subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron, with additional spike mutations, are rapidly expanding and have altered antibody evasion properties. Neutralization of BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB, and XBB.1 by vaccinated individuals and infected persons' sera was significantly impaired, including those boosted with a WA1/BA.5 bivalent mRNA vaccine. The titers against BQ and XBB subvariants were much lower than observed before, indicating that these subvariants pose a serious threat to current COVID-19 vaccines and render all authorized antibodies inactive.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Raquel Viana et al.
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in southern Africa has experienced three distinct waves, driven by different variants. The recently identified Omicron variant has rapidly spread in South Africa and to numerous countries, raising global concern.
Article
Cell Biology
John P. Evans et al.
Summary: The declining efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the emergence of variants resistant to vaccine-induced immunity have sparked a debate on the need for booster vaccine doses. A study found that the Omicron variant spike protein can almost completely escape neutralizing antibodies produced by recipients of only two mRNA vaccine doses.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Adrienn Angyal et al.
Summary: This study compares immune responses to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in healthcare workers with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results show that previously infected individuals have stronger spike-specific T-cell and antibody responses after receiving a single dose of the vaccine compared to SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals. This suggests that a single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine is likely to provide better protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with previous infection.
Article
Immunology
Ka-Li Zhu et al.
Summary: This study found that breakthrough infections of the Delta variant induced a strong humoral immune response against the Omicron variant and other emerged variants. Serum from patients who were infected with Delta only had less neutralizing activity against Omicron, while serum from patients who were infected with Delta after vaccination displayed potent neutralization against the Omicron variant.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Xiao-Lin Jiang et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Lin Yao et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qian Wang et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 have become dominant in the United States and South Africa, raising concerns about their ability to evade neutralizing antibodies and compromise the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutic monoclonals. A systematic antigenic analysis reveals that BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 have different levels of resistance to antibodies, with BA.2.12.1 being modestly resistant and BA.4/5 being substantially resistant. Certain mutations in the spike protein facilitate antibody escape, but compromise the spike affinity for the viral receptor. Only bebtelovimab retains full potency against both subvariants.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Houriiyah Tegally et al.
Summary: The genomic characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages BA.4 and BA.5, responsible for the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa, reveals their continued viral diversification and sheds light on the potential mechanisms that allow these new lineages to outcompete their predecessors. These new lineages, BA.4 and BA.5, share identical spike proteins with BA.2 but have certain differences such as the presence of the 69-70 deletion, L452R, F486V, and the wild-type amino acid at Q493. They can be identified by the S-gene target failure, a proxy marker associated with the 69-70 deletion. BA.4 and BA.5 have rapidly replaced BA.2 and have become the dominant lineages in South Africa.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Li-Jun Duan et al.
Summary: The study examines the neutralization activity of sera from SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals and vaccinated individuals against the Omicron BA.1 variant and earlier variants. The results show that antibodies from convalescent patients and two-dose vaccine recipients have limited neutralization activity against BA.1 and other variants. However, administering a single dose of vaccine in previously infected individuals or a third dose booster vaccination in previously vaccinated individuals enhances neutralization activity against BA.1 and other variants, albeit with a lower antibody titer for BA.1. Therefore, booster vaccinations are important for broadening neutralizing antibody responses against these variants.
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Chee-Wah Tan et al.
Article
Microbiology
Qian Wang et al.
Summary: The newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2.75 exhibits moderate resistance to neutralization by sera from vaccinated/boosted individuals compared to the currently circulating BA.2, but is more sensitive than BA.4/5. BA.2.75 shows heightened resistance to class 1 and class 3 monoclonal antibodies targeting the spike-receptor-binding domain, while gaining sensitivity to class 2 antibodies. The resistance is mainly conferred by two mutations. BA.2.75 also shows slight resistance to a therapeutic antibody with potent activity against all Omicron subvariants. Additionally, BA.2.75 exhibits higher binding affinity to the host receptor ACE2 compared to other Omicron subvariants.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2022)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Fanchong Jian et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Daniel J. Sheward et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Prerna Arora et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Xiaoying Shen et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Alexander Muik et al.
Science Immunology
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ezgi Hacisuleyman et al.
Summary: Despite evidence of vaccine efficacy, two fully vaccinated individuals developed mild symptoms of Covid-19 and were infected with variants of SARS-CoV-2. Sequencing of the virus isolates revealed novel mutations, highlighting the potential risk of illness post-vaccination and subsequent infection with variant virus. Efforts to prevent, diagnose, and characterize variants in vaccinated individuals are crucial.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Leonidas Stamatatos et al.
Summary: The study found that vaccination of both previously infected individuals and those who were not infected resulted in increased neutralizing antibody titers, with previously infected individuals showing a greater boost in neutralizing titers. Vaccination of naive individuals also elicited cross-neutralizing responses, but at lower titers.
Article
Microbiology
Alexandra Tauzin et al.
Summary: A single dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine can be up to 90% effective, with boosted humoral and T cell responses in previously infected individuals. Therefore, spacing doses may help vaccinate more people in conditions of limited vaccine supply.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Prerak Juthani et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Richard A. Urbanowicz et al.
Summary: Research has found that individuals with a history of prior infection with the COVID-19 virus have stronger immune responses to variants after being vaccinated. Multiple exposures to the spike protein of the virus, especially with a delayed booster, help expand the neutralizing ability of antibodies against variants.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo et al.
Summary: The study found that the second dose of the vaccine increases immunity in naive individuals, while those who previously recovered from COVID-19 reach their peak immunity after the first dose. This suggests that a second dose may not be necessary for individuals who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 before.
Review
Immunology
Kun Xu et al.
Summary: COVID-19 has caused millions of deaths and serious consequences, but rapid responses in vaccine development have shown promising results, with 18 vaccines demonstrating good immunogenicity and acceptable reactogenicity.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qianqian Li et al.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jianhui Nie et al.
Article
Immunology
Jianhui Nie et al.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2020)
