期刊
JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH
卷 38, 期 3, 页码 652-661出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbw022
关键词
zooplankton; spatiotemporal variability; sampling frequency; coastal sea
资金
- BONUS [Art 185]
- EU
- Estonian Research Council
- Academy of Finland
- Polish National Centre for Research and Development
- Research Council of Lithuania
- Estonian Ministry of Education and Research [SF0180005s10]
- Estonian Research Council Personal Research Grant [39]
- Estonian Research Council [IUT02-20]
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research [15-04-04030 A]
Spatiotemporal patchiness of plankton and appropriate sampling strategy are crucial considerations for long-term studies of plankton dynamics, determining the confidence with which statistically significant ecological changes will be detected and attributed to the drivers. We analyze the spatiotemporal variability of Baltic Sea zooplankton using historical data from various monitoring programs. We determined the scales of highest temporal and spatial variability, focusing on distances and time periods shorter than 100 km and 90 days. Analyses were made for different hydrological regions (small lagoons, larger gulfs, Baltic Proper), and with differently sized zooplankton groups (large and small copepods and cladocerans). Temporal variability in one place usually exceeded the synoptic spatial variability. Smaller, faster reproducing cladocerans varied more in abundance than larger, slower reproducing copepods. The variability increased with time and distance between samples. For copepods, a temporal cycle of 60-70 days emerged, implying the need for sampling after every 20-23 days. For cladocerans, we propose 14 days as a sampling interval, the time during which the average abundance differences between samples doubled. In the future, these guidelines should be used in conjunction or as an addendum to HELCOM(Helsinki Commission) guidelines, to optimize the zooplankton sampling effort in the Baltic Sea.
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