Personalized Bacteria Loaded with Autoantigens for the Enhancement of Tumor Immunotherapy

Currently, tumor immunotherapy is becoming a new revolution in tumor treatment. Generated from tumor cell lysate (TCL) or irradiated tumor cells, the whole tumor antigen-based vaccines have the possibility to enhance antitumor immune response without survival from immune surveillance in personalized immunotherapy. Here, polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) after self-polymerization are covalently coated with TCL to form PDA@CL. Engineered Salmonella (EnS) wrapped with PDA@CL (EnS@PDA@CL) is targeted the localization of the tumor site by intravenous administration. EnS@PDA@CL delivered autologous antigen-containing nanoparticles to tumor hypoxia regions through blood circulation. The PDA@CL particles promote the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), thus eliciting the infiltration of whole tumor antigens specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, significantly triggering antitumor immunity. The tumor regression in the Panc02 mice confirms the therapeutic potential of EnS@PDA@CL in clinical personalized immunotherapy.

Automated summary

Tumor immunotherapy has the potential to enhance antitumor immune response by utilizing whole tumor antigen-based vaccines generated from tumor cell lysate or irradiated tumor cells. In this study, polydopamine nanoparticles were coated with tumor cell lysate to form PDA@CL. Engineered Salmonella wrapped with PDA@CL (EnS@PDA@CL) was administered intravenously to target the tumor site. The PDA@CL particles facilitated the maturation of dendritic cells, leading to the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and triggering antitumor immunity.