期刊
MATERIALS
卷 15, 期 22, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ma15228033
关键词
carbonation; leaching; sulfate attack; cement-based materials; pH indicator; neutralization; February orchid
类别
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [52008210, 12004182, 51878481]
- Jiangsu Province Science Foundation [BK20200481]
- Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [LQ21E080008]
- Undergraduate Scientific Research Training Program from Nanjing University of Science and Technology [S202110288024]
- Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities [30920021146]
Investigation of the neutralizing behavior of concrete is important for understanding its durability. This study used anthocyanin extracted from February orchid petals to characterize the neutralized regions of cement-based materials. The durability of the indicator was evaluated through comparison and verification using different detection methods. The results showed that the F. orchid indicator was effective in characterizing leaching and sulfate attack.
Investigation of the neutralizing behavior of concrete is essential, as it can help reveal the durability properties of concrete structures. In this paper, anthocyanin extracted from February orchid (F. orchid) petals was used to characterize the neutralized (carbonated, leached, and sulfate-attacked) regions of cement-based materials. The durability of F. orchid indicator was evaluated through comparison between discoloring behaviors of fresh and aged F. orchid indicators, and the capability of the new indicator in neutralization characterization was then verified by combining indicator (phenolphthalein, malachite green, indigo carmine, or thymolphthalein) spray, X-ray computed tomography (CT), and the X-ray attenuation method (XRAM). The result in the present study showed that, with a lower color intensity as compared to phenolphthalein/thymolphthalein, F. orchid indicator was less preferable in studying carbonation but a better choice in characterizing leaching and sulfate attack of cement-based materials. In addition, a sharp carbonation front was revealed in the present study, suggesting that the carbonation process in this study was controlled mainly by diffusion. For leaching and sulfate attack, the broader fronts revealed suggested that both processes were co-controlled by diffusion and reaction. The current work serves as a 'leap' toward the application of natural pigments in analyzing the durability of concrete structures.
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