Interface and Surface Engineering Realized High Efficiency of 13% and Improved Thermal Stability in Mg3Sb1.5Bi0.5-Based Thermoelectric Generation Devices

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A record thermoelectric efficiency in tellurium-free modules for low-grade waste heat recovery

Zhonglin Bu et al.

Summary: Traditional thermoelectric materials for low-grade heat recovery suffer from tellurium scarcity and high cost. This study demonstrates the use of cheap antimonides for even more efficient thermoelectric waste-heat recovery.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Next-generation thermoelectric cooling modules based on high-performance Mg3(Bi,Sb)2 material

Jiawei Yang et al.

Summary: Full-scale cooling modules based on optimized materials have been successfully fabricated, with a higher performance-cost ratio, paving the way for next-generation thermoelectric cooling applications.

JOULE (2022)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

A general design strategy for thermoelectric interface materials in n-type Mg3Sb1.5Bi0.5 single leg used in TEGs

Xinzhi Wu et al.

Summary: This study proposes an alloying approach to generate thermoelectric interface materials (TEiMs) for improved reliability of thermoelectric power generators (TEGs). Through careful selection of matrix elements and optimization of interface design strategies, ternary alloys with excellent performance and thermal stability were obtained.

ACTA MATERIALIA (2022)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Low contact resistivity and excellent thermal stability of p-type YbMg0.8Zn1.2Sb2 /Fe-Sb junction for thermoelectric applications

Yu Sun et al.

Summary: Zintl phase compounds are promising thermoelectric materials, but there is limited research on their contact materials. In this study, an ohmic contact was achieved in the YbMg0.8Zn1.2Sb2/Fe junction, and the microstructural analysis revealed a Fe-Sb alloy layer and a Sb-poor Zintl layer at the interface reaction layer. By using a Fe-Sb layer as the contact material, an extremely low contact resistivity and excellent thermal stability were achieved.

ACTA MATERIALIA (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Maximizing the performance of n-type Mg3Bi2 based materials for room-temperature power generation and thermoelectric cooling

Zihang Liu et al.

Summary: This work maximizes the electronic properties of the n-type Mg3.2Bi1.5Sb0.5 material through delicate microstructural design, resulting in a high zT value over a broad temperature range. Additionally, a breakthrough is achieved in the non-Bi2Te3 thermoelectric module for room-temperature power generation and cooling, indicating potential commercial applications.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Synergistic Effect of Band and Nanostructure Engineering on the Boosted Thermoelectric Performance of n-Type Mg3+δ(Sb, Bi)2 Zintls

Ji-Sheng Liang et al.

Summary: This study reports outstanding thermoelectric properties of n-type Y-doped Mg3.2Sb1.5Bi0.49Se0.01 materials, including a material coefficient of approximately 1.87 and a high average material coefficient of approximately 1.2, demonstrating great potential for practical applications. First-principles calculations indicate that Y doping can effectively tune carrier density and semiconductor properties, leading to enhanced thermoelectric performance. In addition, lattice distortions and strains caused by the dopant Y suppress the thermal conductivity, further improving the material coefficient.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2022)

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Review Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Optimizing mechanical properties of magnesium alloys by philosophy of thermo-kinetic synergy: Review and outlook

Tianle Wang et al.

Summary: This paper introduces a universal rule, the synergy of thermodynamics and kinetics, to deepen our understanding of common behaviors in lightweight magnesium alloys. Guided by the theory of generalized stability, typical cases for Mg alloy design are evaluated, and the potential capacity of this theory for guiding processing path design is discussed.

JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS (2022)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Suppression of Interfacial Diffusion in Mg3Sb2 Thermoelectric Materials through an Mg4.3Sb3Ni/Mg3.2Sb2Y0.05/Mg4.3Sb3Ni-Graded Structure

Yachao Wang et al.

Summary: By designing a graded concentration junction and utilizing a reaction product as a barrier layer material, the stability of the thermoelectric joint is improved and the degradation of Mg element is suppressed. The fabricated device shows high thermal stability, stable contact resistance, and maintained shear strength. The conversion efficiency of the device remains nearly 90% after aging at high temperature.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Revealing multi-stage growth mechanism of Kirkendall voids at electrode interfaces of Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric devices with in-situ TEM technique br

Yangjian Lin et al.

Summary: This study systematically investigated the thermal stability of the electrode interfaces of a Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric generator (TEG) device. Kirkendall voids (KVs) were found in both interfaces and it was determined that the reaction of 3Ni + 2Bi2Te3 = 3NiTe2 + 4Bi played a crucial role in the growth of KVs. Designing thermal stability by reducing local stress is important.

NANO ENERGY (2022)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Extraordinary thermoelectric performance, thermal stability and mechanical properties of n-type Mg3Sb1.5Bi0.5 through multi-dopants at interstitial site

Feng Jiang et al.

Summary: In this study, a doping diagram for Mg3Sb2-based material was proposed, and a multiple interstitial doped TMx:Mg3Sb1.5Bi0.5 material was designed, achieving high dimensionless figure of merit values. The multiple interstitial dopants effectively suppress the formation of Mg vacancies, improving thermal stability and mechanical properties of the material.

MATERIALS TODAY PHYSICS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Mg3(Bi,Sb)2-based thermoelectric modules for efficient and reliable waste-heat utilization up to 750 K

Yuntian Fu et al.

Summary: Efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective thermoelectric modules have been developed, operating stably at high temperatures and achieving a high conversion efficiency, demonstrating feasibility and scalability for waste heat recovery applications.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A robust thermoelectric module based on MgAgSb/Mg3(Sb,Bi)2 with a conversion efficiency of 8.5% and a maximum cooling of 72 K

Pingjun Ying et al.

Summary: The development of a tellurium-free compound for thermoelectric technology applications around room temperature is of great significance due to the toxicity and scarcity of tellurium. The research team has successfully developed a tellurium-free compound for near-room-temperature applications and achieved higher efficiency through process and doping optimizations.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Excellent thermoelectric performance of boron-doped n-type Mg3Sb2-based materials via the manipulation of grain boundary scattering and control of Mg content

Xiaoxi Chen et al.

Summary: By increasing the sintering temperature, optimizing grain boundary scattering, and adjusting the Mg content, the n-Mg3Sb2-based materials achieved high carrier mobility and ultralow lattice thermal conductivity, leading to excellent ZT values and demonstrating potential for device applications.

SCIENCE CHINA-MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Improved Thermoelectric Properties of N-Type Mg3Sb2 through Cation-Site Doping with Gd or Ho

Jiawei Zhang et al.

Summary: This study experimentally investigates Gd and Ho as n-type dopants for Mg3Sb2 thermoelectric materials, finding them to exhibit higher doping efficiency and superior carrier concentration compared to Te. Codoping with Te leads to reduced thermal conductivity and enhanced power factor values at high temperatures, resulting in peak zT values well above unity at 725 K.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Towards tellurium-free thermoelectric modules for power generation from low-grade heat

Pingjun Ying et al.

Summary: Thermoelectric technology can convert waste heat into electricity, with great potential for clean power generation. Researchers have successfully increased the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric modules by utilizing Bi2Te3 substitute compounds, demonstrating the feasibility of sustainable elements in high-performance thermoelectric modules.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Scalable synthesis of n-type Mg3Sb2-xBix for thermoelectric applications

C. Xu et al.

Summary: The study introduces a scalable preparation method for high-efficiency n-type Mg3Sb2-Bi-x(x) thermoelectric materials, achieving large-scale synthesis with uniform high thermoelectric performance. This compound shows great promise for practical application in thermoelectric power generation.

MATERIALS TODAY PHYSICS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Demonstration of ultrahigh thermoelectric efficiency of ∼7.3% in Mg3Sb2/MgAgSb module for low-temperature energy harvesting

Zihang Liu et al.

Summary: Researchers have made significant advancements in thermoelectric materials by adding minor amounts of Cu to the Mg3Sb1.5Bi0.5 system, leading to improved thermoelectric performance and reduced thermal conductivity. Through grain-boundary engineering, the detrimental effects of thermally activated electrical conductivity were successfully eliminated. The fabricated thermoelectric module, when combined with a p-type alpha-MgAgSb-based material, showed promising potential for low-temperature thermoelectric harvesting.

JOULE (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

High thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency of a unicouple of n-type Mg3Bi2 and p-type Bi2Te3

Z. Liang et al.

Summary: A cost-effective n-type Mg3Bi2-based compound was prepared with a peak zT of 1.24 at 573 K, demonstrating great potential for low-grade heat recovery. The unicouple comprised of n-type and p-type materials exhibited a record-high energy conversion efficiency under a temperature difference of 265 K.

MATERIALS TODAY PHYSICS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

An over 10% module efficiency obtained using non-Bi2Te3 thermoelectric materials for recovering heat of <600 K

Zhonglin Bu et al.

Summary: Thermoelectric technology, traditionally limited by Bi2Te3 alloys, has shown potential for higher efficiency with the development of new materials like p-GeTe and n-Mg3Sb2. These non-Bi2Te3 materials could significantly improve waste-heat recovery applications, indicating a promising future for thermoelectric technology.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Rapid One-Step Synthesis and Compaction of High-Performance n-Type Mg3Sb2 Thermoelectrics

Jiawei Zhang et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Electrode interface optimization advances conversion efficiency and stability of thermoelectric devices

Jing Chu et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Advanced Thermoelectric Design: From Materials and Structures to Devices

Xiao-Lei Shi et al.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

N-type Mg3Sb2-xBix with improved thermal stability for thermoelectric power generation

Hongjing Shang et al.

ACTA MATERIALIA (2020)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Reliable N-type Mg3.2Sb1.5Bi0.49Te0.01/304 stainless steel junction for thermoelectric applications

Li Yin et al.

ACTA MATERIALIA (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

The importance of the Mg-Mg interaction in Mg3Sb2-Mg3Bi2 shown through cation site alloying

Max Wood et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Realizing high conversion efficiency of Mg3Sb2-based thermoelectric materials

Qing Zhu et al.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Extraordinary n-Type Mg3SbBi Thermoelectrics Enabled by Yttrium Doping

Xuemin Shi et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Improvement of Low-Temperature zT in a Mg3Sb2-Mg3Bi2 Solid Solution via Mg-Vapor Annealing

Maxwell Wood et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

High thermoelectric cooling performance of n-type Mg3Bi2-based materials

Jun Mao et al.

SCIENCE (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Revelation of Inherently High Mobility Enables Mg3Sb2 as a Sustainable Alternative to n-Bi2Te3 Thermoelectrics

Xuemin Shi et al.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Mg3+δSbxBi2-x Family: A Promising Substitute for the State-of-the-Art n-Type Thermoelectric Materials near Room Temperature

Rui Shu et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Thermoelectric interface materials: A perspective to the challenge of thermoelectric power generation module

Weishu Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIOMICS (2019)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Joint effect of magnesium and yttrium on enhancing thermoelectric properties of n-type Zintl Mg3+δY0.02Sb1.5Bi0.5

S. W. Song et al.

MATERIALS TODAY PHYSICS (2019)

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Editorial Material Energy & Fuels

Bring on the heat

Gabi Schierning

NATURE ENERGY (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Thermal stability of Mg3Sb1.475Bi0.475Te0.05 high performance n-type thermoelectric investigated through powder X-ray diffraction and pair distribution function analysis

Lasse Rabol Jorgensen et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Improved stability and high thermoelectric performance through cation site doping in n-type La-doped Mg3Sb1.5Bi0.5

Kazuki Imasato et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Extraordinary thermoelectric performance in n-type manganese doped Mg3Sb2 Zintl: High band degeneracy, tuned carrier scattering mechanism and hierarchical microstructure

Xiaoxi Chen et al.

NANO ENERGY (2018)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Thermoelectricity for IoT - A review

Maciej Haras et al.

NANO ENERGY (2018)

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Article Materials Science, Ceramics

Interface Stability of Skutterudite Thermoelectric Materials/Ti88Al12

Zhang Qi-Hao et al.

JOURNAL OF INORGANIC MATERIALS (2018)

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Review Thermodynamics

Thermoelectric generators: A review of applications

Daniel Champier

ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Manipulation of ionized impurity scattering for achieving high thermoelectric performance in n-type Mg3Sb2-based materials

Jun Mao et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Discovery of high-performance low-cost n-type Mg3Sb2-based thermoelectric materials with multi-valley conduction bands

Jiawei Zhang et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Isotropic Conduction Network and Defect Chemistry in Mg3+δSb2-Based Layered Zintl Compounds with High Thermoelectric Performance

Hiromasa Tamaki et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2016)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Concentrating solar thermoelectric generators with a peak efficiency of 7.4%

Daniel Kraemer et al.

NATURE ENERGY (2016)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Understanding of the contact of nanostructured thermoelectric n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 legs for power generation applications

Weishu Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2013)

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Article Physics, Applied

Electronic structures and stability of Ni/Bi2Te3 and Co/Bi2Te3 interfaces

Ka Xiong et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS (2010)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cooling, heating, generating power, and recovering waste heat with thermoelectric systems

Lon E. Bell

SCIENCE (2008)

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Interface and Surface Engineering Realized High Efficiency of 13% and Improved Thermal Stability in Mg3Sb1.5Bi0.5-Based Thermoelectric Generation Devices

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