Structure of the Sec14 domain of Kalirin reveals a distinct class of lipid-binding module in RhoGEFs

Gated entry of lipophilic ligands into the enclosed hydrophobic pocket in stand-alone Sec14 domain proteins often links lipid metabolism to membrane trafficking. Similar domains occur in multidomain mammalian proteins that activate small GTPases and regulate actin dynamics. The neuronal RhoGEF Kalirin, a central regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics, contains a Sec14 domain (Kal(bSec14)) followed by multiple spectrin-like repeats and catalytic domains. Previous studies demonstrated that Kalirin lacking its Sec14 domain fails to maintain cell morphology or dendritic spine length, yet whether and how Kal(bSec14) interacts with lipids remain unknown. Here, we report the structural and biochemical characterization of Kal(bSec14). Kal(bSec14) adopts a closed conformation, sealing off the canonical ligand entry site, and instead employs a surface groove to bind a limited set of lysophospholipids. The low-affinity interactions of Kal(bSec14) with lysolipids are expected to serve as a general model for the regulation of Rho signaling by other Sec14-containing Rho activators.

Automated summary

The gated entry of lipophilic ligands into the enclosed hydrophobic pocket in stand-alone Sec14 domain proteins often links lipid metabolism to membrane trafficking. Similar domains occur in multidomain mammalian proteins that activate small GTPases and regulate actin dynamics. The neuronal RhoGEF Kalirin, a central regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics, contains a Sec14 domain (Kal(bSec14)) followed by multiple spectrin-like repeats and catalytic domains. Previous studies demonstrated that Kalirin lacking its Sec14 domain fails to maintain cell morphology or dendritic spine length, yet whether and how Kal(bSec14) interacts with lipids remain unknown. Here, we report the structural and biochemical characterization of Kal(bSec14) which adopts a closed conformation, sealing off the canonical ligand entry site, and instead employs a surface groove to bind a limited set of lysophospholipids. The low-affinity interactions of Kal(bSec14) with lysolipids are expected to serve as a general model for the regulation of Rho signaling by other Sec14-containing Rho activators.