An organelle-specific photoactivation and dual-isotope labeling strategy reveals phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic flux

Phosphatidylethanolamine metabolism plays essential roles in eukaryotic cells but has not been completely investigated due to its complexity. This is because lipid species, unlike proteins or nucleic acids, cannot be easily manipulated at the single molecule level or controlled with subcellular resolution, two of the key factors toward understanding their functions. Here, we use the organelle-targeting photoactivation method to study PE metabolism in living cells with a high spatiotemporal resolution. Containing predefined PE structures, probes which can be selectively introduced into the ER or mitochondria were designed to compare their metabolic products according to their subcellular localization. We combined photo-uncaging with dual stable isotopic labeling to track PE metabolism in living cells by mass spectrometry analysis. Our results reveal that both mitochondria- and ER-released PE participate in phospholipid remodeling, and that PE methylation can be detected only under particular conditions. Thus, our method provides a framework to study phospholipid metabolism at subcellular resolution.

Automated summary

Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) metabolism is essential in eukaryotic cells but its complexity has hindered complete investigation. In this study, a photoactivation method targeting specific organelles was used to study PE metabolism in living cells with high spatiotemporal resolution. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that both mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) released PE participate in phospholipid remodeling, while PE methylation could only be detected under specific conditions. Thus, this method provides a framework to study phospholipid metabolism at subcellular resolution.