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Review
Virology
Daniele Focosi et al.
Summary: This article discusses the importance of achieving sterilizing immunity through vaccination to prevent the spread of infection from vaccinees, particularly in hospital settings. It also explores the potential implications of sterilizing immunity for animal reservoirs and public health.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Swati Ajmeriya et al.
Summary: Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a potential pathway for viral entry that could worsen infection. Variants of SARS-CoV-2 may reduce the efficacy of neutralizing antibodies, increasing the risk of severe COVID-19. Therefore, studying the effectiveness of antibodies in COVID-19 patients is crucial.
JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Salma Sheikh-Mohamed et al.
Summary: Although SARS-CoV-2 mainly infects the upper respiratory tract, little is known about the antibodies generated in the oral cavity in response to COVID-19 vaccination. This study found that most participants had detectable antibodies in their saliva after the first dose of mRNA vaccine. The second dose boosted the IgG response but had little effect on the IgA response. Participants with lower levels of vaccine-induced IgA were more likely to experience breakthrough infections.
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Salome Desmecht et al.
Summary: This prospective study aimed to evaluate the cellular and humoral immune response triggered by the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in healthcare workers up to 12 months after the initial vaccination, with an additional booster dose between 6 and 12 months. The study found that experienced healthcare workers who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2 had higher levels of anti-Spike antibodies and neutralization capacity compared to naive healthcare workers at all time points analyzed, except after the booster dose. Cellular immune response was also higher in experienced healthcare workers six months following vaccination. The booster dose increased both humoral and cellular immune responses, particularly in naive individuals. Age was negatively associated with the persistence of humoral response. These findings have implications for personalizing mRNA vaccination regimens and prioritizing the deployment of booster doses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Cyril Planchais et al.
Summary: This study reveals the contribution of memory B cells and antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to long-term immune protection against severe COVID-19. It also identifies potent IgA antibodies that can neutralize the virus, highlighting their potential for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Virology
Mengqi Yuan et al.
Summary: The emergence of the new, highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has caused significant breakthrough infections and has become the predominant strain globally. Omicron variants are typically characterized by high mutations in the spike protein, leading to considerable evasion of potent neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and reduced efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines. Developing neutralizing antibodies with strong efficacy against the Omicron variant remains an urgent priority. The generation of a bispecific antibody Bi-Nab(35B5-47D10) simultaneously targeting SARS-CoV-2 RBD and S2 has shown enhanced neutralizing potency and breadth against SARS-CoV-2 WT and tested variants compared to its parental antibodies. Importantly, Bi-Nab(35B5-47D10) exhibits increased neutralizing activity against the VOC Omicron pseudotyped virus, suggesting it as a feasible and potentially effective strategy for treating and preventing COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeffrey L. Americo et al.
Summary: Intranasal administration of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces stronger immune responses compared to intramuscular administration, with higher levels of antibodies and specific T cells. Additionally, intranasal vaccination can prevent or rapidly eliminate SARS-CoV-2 infection.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jingen Zhu et al.
Summary: This study reports the development of a needle-free, bacteriophage T4-based mucosal vaccine that induces strong mucosal immunity, robust humoral and cellular immune responses, and provides complete protection against various SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Sebastian Havervall et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kaori Sano et al.
Summary: This study reveals that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection enhances the induction of mucosal SARS-CoV-2 secretory IgA antibody following mRNA vaccination, while individuals without prior exposure to the virus have a minimal mucosal antibody response.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Anna Niedzwiedz et al.
Summary: Mucosal immunity, including secretory IgA (sIgA), plays an important role in the early defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Tear-based sIgA levels can serve as a biomarker of external mucosal immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and are closely related to individual immune responses to the virus.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandro Lambiase et al.
Summary: This study investigated the effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and booster dose on humoral and mucosal immune responses. The results showed that the booster dose restored systemic humoral response and tear sIgA levels, but had a poorer effect in stimulating mucosal immunity compared to prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Fanglei Zuo et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Joseph Collin et al.
Summary: The study revealed that the human ocular surface epithelium could serve as an additional entry portal for SARS-CoV-2, potentially utilizing inflammatory-driven upregulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 entry factors to enhance infection.
Article
Cell Biology
Delphine Sterlin et al.
Summary: The study found that humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection are dominated by IgA antibodies, with specific IgA plasmablasts rapidly expanding shortly after symptom onset and peaking in the third week of the disease. Virus-specific antibody responses include IgG, IgM, and IgA, with IgA playing a greater role in virus neutralization compared to IgG.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Carlo Cervia et al.
Summary: The study found that severe COVID-19 patients experienced a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers after symptom onset, especially with high IgA titers, while mild cases may exhibit transient production of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. Interestingly, some healthcare workers with negative serum antibody titers showed SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in mucosal fluids with virus-neutralizing capacity in some cases.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Juliana de Melo Batista dos Santos et al.
Summary: The study found higher levels of specific-SIgA for SARS-CoV-2 and cytokines (IFN-beta and IFN-gamma) in the airways mucosa of COVID-19 patients. IL-12p70 levels were observed to be increased in the group with other viruses, and significant differences were found in the immune responses of airway mucosa among different groups of patients with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Janeri Froberg et al.
Summary: Mucosal immune responses play a crucial role in early restriction of viral replication and clearance of SARS-CoV-2, with strong correlations observed between mucosal antibody responses and virus neutralization. Further studies are needed to understand how systemic immunological endpoints measured in vaccination studies translate to mucosal protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Renee W. Y. Chan et al.
Summary: Comirnaty vaccine induces mucosal IgA and IgG responses with neutralizing activity, while CoronaVac vaccine primarily induces IgG responses in plasma, demonstrating differences in immune response between the two vaccine platforms.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
S. J. Thomas et al.
Summary: BNT162b2 vaccine remains highly effective and safe over the course of 6 months post-vaccination, with efficacy rates ranging from 86% to 100% across different demographics and risk factors for Covid-19. The vaccine also shows a high efficacy against severe disease, with particularly promising results observed in South Africa against the B.1.351 variant.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Irene Soffritti et al.
Summary: The study revealed that oral dysbiosis in COVID-19 patients is associated with symptom severity and increased local inflammation, while a decreased mucosal immune response was also observed. The characteristics of the HOM may play a significant role in defining individual susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Hany Mahmoud et al.
Summary: The study found that anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA can be detected in ocular secretions of SARS-CoV-2 patients, with no correlation to age, sex, or disease severity, but a correlation with ocular symptoms.
CLINICAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Ophthalmology
Mark D. P. Willcox et al.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTOMETRY
(2020)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Dominique M. Dockery et al.
JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2020)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
M. Emmanuel Bhaskar et al.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2020)
Article
Ophthalmology
Lingli Zhou et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Monir Ejemel et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Ophthalmology
Weibiao Zeng et al.
JAMA OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alisa Fox et al.
Article
Biology
Elisabetta Caselli et al.
Article
Cell Biology
Paola Secchiero et al.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2009)
