Different Types of Vaccines against Pestiviral Infections: Barriers for Pestis

The genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae mainly comprises classical swine fever virus (CSFV), bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), BVDV-2, border disease virus (BDV), and multiple new pestivirus species such as atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), giraffe pestivirus, and antelope pestivirus. Pestiviruses cause infectious diseases, resulting in tremendous economic losses to animal husbandry. Different types of pestivirus vaccines have been developed to control and prevent these important animal diseases. In recent years, pestiviruses have shown great potential as viral vectors for developing multivalent vaccines. This review analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various pestivirus vaccines, including live attenuated pestivirus strains, genetically engineered marker pestiviruses, and pestivirus-based multivalent vaccines. This review provides new insights into the development of novel vaccines against emerging pestiviruses, such as APPV and ovine pestivirus.

Automated summary

The Pestivirus genus, part of the Flaviviridae family, includes classical swine fever virus (CSFV), bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), BVDV-2, border disease virus (BDV), and other new species such as atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), giraffe pestivirus, and antelope pestivirus. Pestiviruses cause significant economic losses in animal husbandry. Various types of pestivirus vaccines have been developed to control and prevent these diseases, and recent studies have explored the potential of using pestiviruses as viral vectors for multivalent vaccines. This review analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different pestivirus vaccines and provides insights into the development of novel vaccines against emerging pestiviruses, including APPV and ovine pestivirus.