期刊
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
卷 49, 期 16, 页码 -出版社
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/49/16/165310
关键词
laser induced forward transfer; 3D printing; digital metalization; amorphous metal; electrical transport; plastic electronics
资金
- OCS (Office of the Chief Scientist) of Israel, 'PRINTEL-Printed Electronics' [55816]
We present a study of the morphology and electrical properties of copper structures which are printed by laser induced forward transfer from bulk copper. The percentage of voids and the oxidation levels are too low to account for the high resistivities (similar to 4 to 14 times the resistivity of bulk monocrystalline copper) of these structures. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of slices cut from the printed areas using a focused ion beam (FIB) show nano-sized crystal structures with grain sizes that are smaller than the electron free path length. Scattering from such grain boundaries causes a significant increase in the resistivity and can explain the measured resistivities of the structures. The TEM images also show a nano-amorphous layer (similar to 5 nm) at the droplet boundaries which also contributes to the overall resistivity. Such morphological characteristics are best explained by the ultrafast cooling rate of the molten copper droplets during printing.
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